de - Beste verfügbare Techniken (BVT) - Umweltbundesamt
de - Beste verfügbare Techniken (BVT) - Umweltbundesamt
de - Beste verfügbare Techniken (BVT) - Umweltbundesamt
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4.3.7.23 Recovery of iodine from waste water ....................<br />
streams...............................................................324<br />
4.3.7.24 Disposal of waste water streams containing ..........<br />
high P loads .......................................................325<br />
4.3.8 Treatment of the total effluent and related<br />
emission levels ..................................................326<br />
4.3.8.1 Achievable values for heavy metals in the total<br />
effluent ..............................................................326<br />
4.3.8.2 Pretreatment of the total effluent by chemical<br />
oxidation with H2O2.........................................327<br />
4.3.8.3 On-site instead of off-site biological .....................<br />
WWTP...............................................................329<br />
4.3.8.4 Joint treatment with municipal waste ....................<br />
water ..................................................................330<br />
4.3.8.5 Proving the efficiency of off-site waste water<br />
treatment............................................................332<br />
4.3.8.6 Treatment of the total effluent ..........................333<br />
4.3.8.7 Protection and performance of biological...............<br />
WWTPs (1) .......................................................335<br />
4.3.8.8 Protection and performance of biological ..............<br />
WWTPs (2) .......................................................337<br />
4.3.8.9 COD elimination rates: waste water ......................<br />
streams...............................................................339<br />
4.3.8.10 Un<strong>de</strong>rstanding COD emission levels and<br />
elimination rates ................................................340<br />
4.3.8.11 BOD elimination rates and emission .....................<br />
levels..................................................................344<br />
4.3.8.12 AOX elimination rates and emission .....................<br />
levels..................................................................346<br />
4.3.8.13 LID emission levels ..........................................348<br />
4.3.8.14 Nitrogen emission levels...................................350<br />
4.3.8.15 Elimination of inorganic nitrogen from waste<br />
waters ................................................................352<br />
4.3.8.16 Elimination of phosphorous compounds from .......<br />
waste waters ......................................................353<br />
4.3.8.17 Phosphorus emission levels ..............................354<br />
4.3.8.18 Biomonitoring of effluents from active ingredient.<br />
production..........................................................356<br />
4.3.8.19 WEA as a management tool for treatment of .........<br />
waste water streams ..........................................358<br />
4.3.8.20 Online monitoring of toxicity and .........................<br />
TOC...................................................................359<br />
4.3.8.21 Monitoring of the total effluent before and ...........<br />
after biological treatment ..................................361<br />
4.4 Environmental management tools ....................363<br />
5 BEST AVAILABLE TECHNIQUES....................371<br />
5.1 Prevention and minimisation of environmental<br />
impact ................................................................373<br />
5.1.1 Prevention of environmental impact.................373<br />
5.1.1.1 Integration of environmental, health and ...............<br />
safety consi<strong>de</strong>rations into process <strong>de</strong>sign ...............<br />
...........................................................................373<br />
5.1.1.2 Process safety and prevention of runaway<br />
reactions ............................................................374<br />
5.1.2 Minimisation of environmental impact.............374<br />
5.1.2.1 Plant <strong>de</strong>sign .......................................................374<br />
5.1.2.2 Ground protection and water retention ..................<br />
options ...............................................................375<br />
5.1.2.3 Minimisation of VOC emissions ......................376<br />
5.1.2.4 Minimisation of exhaust gas volume flows ...........<br />
and loads............................................................376<br />
5.1.2.5 Minimisation of volume and load of waste ...........<br />
water streams.....................................................378<br />
5.1.2.6 Minimisation of energy consumption...............379<br />
5.2 Management and treatment of waste streams.........<br />
...........................................................................380<br />
5.2.1 Mass balances and process waste stream ...............<br />
analysis ..............................................................380<br />
5.2.2 Re-use of solvents .............................................382<br />
5.2.3 Treatment of exhaust gases...............................382<br />
5.2.3.1 Selection of VOC recovery/abatement techniques<br />
and achievable emission levels .........................382<br />
5.2.3.2 Recovery/abatement of NOx.............................385<br />
5.2.3.3 Recovery/abatement of HCl, Cl2 und ....................<br />
HBr/Br2.............................................................386<br />
5.2.3.4 NH3 emission levels .........................................386<br />
4.3.7.23 Rückgewinnung von Jod aus ..............................<br />
Abwasserströmen............................................324<br />
4.3.7.24 Entsorgung von Abwasserströmen mit hohen<br />
P-Frachten .......................................................325<br />
4.3.8 Behandlung <strong>de</strong>s Gesamtabwassers und damit<br />
verbun<strong>de</strong>ne Emissionswerte...........................326<br />
4.3.8.1 Im Gesamtabwasser erreichbare<br />
Schwermetallwerte..........................................326<br />
4.3.8.2 Vorbehandlung <strong>de</strong>s Gesamtabwassers durch<br />
chem. Oxidation mit H2O2 ............................327<br />
4.3.8.3 Standorteigene anstelle externer biologischer<br />
AWBA ..............................................................329<br />
4.3.8.4 Gemeinsame Behandlung mit kommunalem<br />
Abwasser ..........................................................330<br />
4.3.8.5 Nachweis <strong>de</strong>r Wirksamkeit externer<br />
Abwasserbehandlung......................................332<br />
4.3.8.6 Behandlung <strong>de</strong>s Gesamtabwassers................333<br />
4.3.8.7 Schutz und Leistungsfähigkeit biologischer<br />
AWBAn (1) ......................................................335<br />
4.3.8.8 Schutz und Leistungsfähigkeit biologischer<br />
AWBAn (2) ......................................................337<br />
4.3.8.9 CSB-Eliminationsraten von ................................<br />
Abwasserströmen............................................339<br />
4.3.8.10 Zum Verständnis von CSB-Emissionswerten<br />
und -Eliminationsraten...................................340<br />
4.3.8.11 BSB-Eliminationsraten und ................................<br />
-Emissionswerte...............................................344<br />
4.3.8.12 AOX-Eliminationsraten und ...............................<br />
-Emissionswerte...............................................346<br />
4.3.8.13 G-Emissionswerte............................................348<br />
4.3.8.14 Emissionswerte für Stickstoff ........................350<br />
4.3.8.15 Elimination von anorganischem Stickstoff aus<br />
Abwässern........................................................352<br />
4.3.8.16 Elimination von Phosphorverbindungen aus<br />
Abwässern........................................................353<br />
4.3.8.17 Emissionswerte für Phosphor ........................354<br />
4.3.8.18 Biotests zur Überwachung von Abwässern aus<br />
<strong>de</strong>r Herstellung von Wirkstoffen...................356<br />
4.3.8.19 WEA als ein Managementinstrument für die<br />
Behandlung von Abwasserströmen...............358<br />
4.3.8.20 Online-Überwachung <strong>de</strong>r Toxizität und ............<br />
<strong>de</strong>s TOC............................................................359<br />
4.3.8.21 Überwachung <strong>de</strong>s Gesamtabwassers vor und<br />
nach <strong>de</strong>r biologischen Behandlung................361<br />
4.4 Umweltmanagement-Instrumente.................363<br />
5 BESTE VERFÜGBARE TECHNIKEN...............371<br />
5.1 Vermeidung und Vermin<strong>de</strong>rung von<br />
Umweltbelastungen.........................................373<br />
5.1.1 Vermeidung von Umweltbelastungen...........373<br />
5.1.1.1 Integration von Umwelt-, Arbeitsschutz- und<br />
Sicherheitsaspekten in die ...................................<br />
Prozessentwicklung.........................................373<br />
5.1.1.2 Prozesssicherheit und Verhin<strong>de</strong>rung von<br />
durchgehen<strong>de</strong>n Reaktionen ...........................374<br />
5.1.2 Minimierung <strong>de</strong>r Umweltbelastung ..............374<br />
5.1.2.1 Anlagenauslegung ...........................................374<br />
5.1.2.2 Bo<strong>de</strong>nschutz und Optionen für die<br />
Rückhaltung von verunreinigtem Wasser....375<br />
5.1.2.3 Minimierung <strong>de</strong>r VOC-Emissionen ..............376<br />
5.1.2.4 Minimierung von Abgasvolumenströmen und -<br />
beladung ...........................................................376<br />
5.1.2.5 Minimierung <strong>de</strong>s Volumens und <strong>de</strong>r Fracht <strong>de</strong>r<br />
Abwasserteilströme.........................................378<br />
5.1.2.6 Verringerung <strong>de</strong>s Energieverbrauchs...........379<br />
5.2 Management und Behandlung von<br />
Abfallströmen ..................................................380<br />
5.2.1 Massenbilanzen und Analyse <strong>de</strong>r Abfallströme<br />
...........................................................................380<br />
5.2.2 Wie<strong>de</strong>rverwendung von Lösemitteln ............382<br />
5.2.3 Abgasbehandlung............................................382<br />
5.2.3.1 Auswahl <strong>de</strong>r VOC-Rückgewinnungs-<br />
/Min<strong>de</strong>rungstechniken sowie erreichbare<br />
Emissionswerte................................................382<br />
5.2.3.2 Rückgewinnung/Min<strong>de</strong>rung von NOx..........385<br />
5.2.3.3 Rückgewinnung/Min<strong>de</strong>rung von HCl, Cl2 und<br />
HBr/Br2............................................................386<br />
5.2.3.4 NH3-Emissionswerte.......................................386<br />
OFC_BREF Dezember 2005 xix