Vitalstoffe 2/2023

V italstoffe
al. Pycnogenol ® improves microcirculation,
retinal edema, and visual acuity
in early diabetic retinopathy. J Ocul Pharmacol
Ther. 2009;25(6):537-40.
(8) Wang S, Tan D, Zhao Y, Gao G, Gao
X, Hu L. The effect of Pycnogenol ® on the
microcirculation, platelet function and
ischaemic myocardium in patients with
coronary artery diseases. European Bulletin
of Drug Research. 1999;7(2):19-25.
(9) Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Rohdewald
P, Pellegrini L, Ledda A, Vinciguerra
G, et al. Improvement of diabetic
microangiopathy with Pycnogenol ® : A
prospective, controlled study. Angiology.
2006;57(4):431-6.
(10) Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Errichi
BM, Ledda A, Di Renzo A, Stuard S, et
al. Diabetic ulcers: microcirculatory
improvement and faster healing with
Pycnogenol ® . Clin Appl Thromb Hemost.
2006;12(3):318-23.
(11) Luzzi R BG, Hu S, Dugall M, Hosoi
M, Cacchio M, Ippolito E, Corsi M
Improvement in symptoms and cochlear
flow with Pycnogenol ® in patients with
Meniere’s disease and tinnitus. Minerva
Med 2014;105:245-54.
(12) Grossi MG, Belcaro G., Cesarone,
M.R., Duggall, M., Hosoi, M Cacchio,.
Improvement in cochlear flow with
Pycnogenol ® in patients with tinnitus:
a pilot evaluation. Panminerva Med.
2010;52(2):63-7.
(13) Canali R, Comitato R, Schonlau F,
Virgili F. The anti-inflammatory pharmacology
of Pycnogenol ® in humans involves
COX-2 and 5-LOX mRNA expression
in leukocytes. Int Immunopharmacol.
2009;9(10):1145-9.
(14) Grimm T, Chovanova Z, Muchova J,
Sumegova K, Liptakova A, Durackova Z,
et al. Inhibition of NF-kappaB activation
and MMP-9 secretion by plasma of
human volunteers after ingestion of maritime
pine bark extract (Pycnogenol ® ). J
Inflamm (Lond). 2006;3:1.
(15) Schäfer A, Chovanova Z, Muchova
J, Sumegova K, Liptakova A, Durackova
Z, et al. Inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2
activity by plasma of human volunteers
after ingestion of French maritime pine
bark extract (Pycnogenol ® ). Biomed
Pharmacother. 2005;60(1):5-9.
(16) Enseleit F, Sudano I, Periat D,
Winnik S, Wolfrum M, Flammer AJ, et al.
Effects of Pycnogenol ® on endothelial
function in patients with stable coronary
artery disease: a double-blind, randomized,
placebo-controlled, cross-over
study. Eur Heart J. 2012;33(13):1589-97.
(17) Ryan J, Croft, K., Wesnes, K and
Stough, C. An examination of the effects
of the antioxidant Pycnogenol ® on cognitive
performance, serum lipid profile,
endocrinological and oxidative stress
biomarkers in an elderly population. J
Psychopharmacol. 2008;22(5):553-62.
(18) Chovanova Z, Muchova J, Sivonova
M, Dvorakova M, Zitnanova I, Waczulikova
I, et al. Effect of polyphenolic extract,
Pycnogenol ® , on the level of 8-oxoguanine
in children suffering from attention
deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Free Radic
Res. 2006;40(9):1003-10.
(19) D̆ uračková Z, Trebatický B, Novotný
V, Žitňanová I, Breza J. Lipid metabolism
and erectile function improvement by
Pycnogenol ® , extract from the bark of
pinus pinaster in patients suffering from
erectile dysfunction-a pilot study. Nutrition
Research. 2003;23(9):1189-98.
(20) Devaraj S V-LS, Kaul N, Schönlau F,
Rohdewald P, Jialal I. Supplementation
with a pine bark extract rich in polyphenols
increases plasma antioxidant capacity
and alters plasma lipoprotein profile.
Lipids. 2002;37(10):931-4.
(21) Kolacek M, Muchova J, Dvorakova
M, Paduchova Z, Zitnanova I, Cierna
I, et al. Effect of natural polyphenols
(Pycnogenol ® ) on oxidative stress markers
in children suffering from Crohn’s
disease--a pilot study. Free Radic Res.
2013;47(8):624-34.
(22) Yang HM, Liao MF, Zhu SY, Liao
MN, Rohdewald P. A randomised,
double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
on the effect of Pycnogenol ® on the
climacteric syndrome in peri-menopausal
women. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand.
2007;86(8):978-85.
(23) Errichi S, Bottari, A., Belcaro, G.,
Cesarone, M.R., Hosoi, M., Cornelli, U.,
Dugall, M., Ledda, A., Feragalli, B. Supplementation
with Pycnogenol ® improves
signs and symptoms of menopausal transition.
Panminerva Med. 2011;53(3):65-70.
(24) Belcaro H, Cesarone, Dugall. A
controlled study shows daily intake
of 50 mg of French Pine Bark Extract
(Pycnogenol ® ) lowers plasma reactive
oxygen metabolites in healthy smokers.
Minerva medica. 2013;104(4):439-46.
(25) Zhao H, Wu J, Wang N, Grether-Beck
S, Krutmann J, Wei L. Oral Pycnogenol ®
Intake Benefits the Skin in Urban Chinese
Outdoor Workers: A Randomized,
Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, and
Crossover Intervention Study. Skin Pharmacol
Physiol. 2021:1-11.
(26) Grether-Beck S, Marini A, Jaenicke
T, Krutmann J. French Maritime Pine
Bark Extract (Pycnogenol ® ) Effects on
Human Skin: Clinical and Molecular
Evidence. Skin Pharmacol Physiol.
2016;29(1):13-7.
(27) Marini A, Grether-Beck S, Jaenicke
T, Weber M, Burki C, Formann P, et al.
Pycnogenol ® effects on skin elasticity
and hydration coincide with increased
gene expressions of collagen type I and
hyaluronic acid synthase in women. Skin
Pharmacol Physiol. 2012;25(2):86-92.
(28) Grimm T, Schäfer A, Högger P. Antioxidant
activity and inhibition of matrix
metalloproteinases by metabolites of maritime
pine bark extract (Pycnogenol ® ).
Free Radic Biol Med. 2004;36(6):811-22.
(29) Kohama T, Negami M. Effect of lowdose
French maritime pine bark extract
on climacteric syndrome in 170 perimenopausal
women: a randomized, doubleblind,
placebo-controlled trial. J Reprod
Med. 2013;58(1-2):39-46.
(30) Luzzi R, Belcaro G, Hosoi M,
Feragalli B, Cornelli U, Dugall M, et
al. Normalization of cardiovascular
risk factors in peri-menopausal women
with Pycnogenol ® . Minerva Ginecol.
2017;69(1):29-34.
(31) Moreau KL, Hildreth KL. Vascular
Aging across the Menopause Transition
in Healthy Women. Adv Vasc Med.
2014;2014.
Autorin:
Dr. Franziska Weichmann,
Manager im Bereich Wissenschaftliche
Kommunikation und Produktentwicklung
bei Horphag Research.
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