Vol. XIII (2007), no 20 - The International Newsletter of Communist ...

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The International Newletter of Communist Studies Online XIII (2007), no 20 138 propagate new communist methods but rather considered the old local traditions to represent communist thinking. After 1945 its attitude has been similar. Kansan Tahto has defended the economic interests of the workers in Northern Finland in particular. The newspaper was born at the same moment as the forest workers in Lapland had their first large strikes, and it sided with the forest workers against the forest companies. Though Kansan Tahto did not initially agree with the local forest workers about their forms of organisations, it has demanded improvement of their working conditions and salaries from the 1920s up to the 1970s. Concern for the subsistence of the working people in Northern Finland got its first strong expressions in Kansan Tahto as a result of the food shortage during World War I. Besides the workers in towns, the newspaper has expressed its concern for the smallholders in Northern Finland. In its first years Kansan Tahto wanted to get land for tenants and farm workers. According to it, the land reforms after the Civil War were failures, and the newspaper demanded more land for those who had bought a small farm. After 1945 the newspaper spoke in strong words for additional land for the owners of small holdings formed after the war. In the late 1950s it went as far as to claim that the agricultural policy would depopulate the countryside in Northern Finland. It was perhaps because of the large migration from country to towns and from northern Finland to Sweden and Southern Finland that Kansan Tahto’s interest in small-holders weakened in the mid-1960s. Seasonal unemployment was an acute problem for the smallholder - forest worker in Northern Finland from the beginning of the 20 th century. Kansan Tahto took the question on its pages during World War I, but it was only in the 1920s that the paper reminded it to be a social-political problem which needed solving. At first the newspaper demanded work or assistance for the unemployed. From the 1940s it opposed sending of the unemployed to road construction works far from their homes. After the Second World War Kansan Tahto had a very optimistic attitude to the rise of Northern Finland by means of industrialisation. The newspaper was among the initiators of the movements to get new industrial plants in Northern Finland and contributed to the foundation of large chemical, iron and steel factories in the area between the 1950s and 1970s. Though economic questions were of importance for Kansan Tahto, it also wanted to raise independent and civilised workers. After 1907 that indicated publication of classics of world literature. Kansan Tahto favoured such Russian and Scandinavian realists as Leo Tolstoy, Maxim Gorky, Fedor Dostoyevsky, Anton Chekhov, August Strindberg but also Jack London. After the Civil War cultural questions were not regarded as important, though Revontulet (Northern Lights), a literary weekly published in 1926-30, published classics and articles of the local workers. After 1945 the cultural issues did not get as much attention, though the SKDL put a strong stress on them. The years 1965-68 were the high point of cultural questions in Kansan Tahto. It was the first and only time it also had a special cultural editor. Thus the newspaper also wanted to be involved in breaking the old truths created after the Civil War and establishing a new kind of values, norms and habits. That phase was, however, not of long duration, and the newspaper took defending positions as the bourgeoisie started its counterattack at the turn of the decade.
The International Newletter of Communist Studies Online XIII (2007), no 20 139 Kansan Tahto has mainly favoured high culture – it has published articles on theatre, literature, concerts and art exhibitions at the expense of “lower” arts. In general its attitude towards popular culture has been moralising, though it has accepted American cartoons on its pages. In the early 1960s it even had a special column on pop-music. Weissman, Susan: Dissident dans la révolution. Victor Serge. Une biographie politique, Paris, Syllepse, 2006. 440 p. Victor Serge a été le témoin des grandes tragédies et des espoirs qui ont marqué le 20e siècle. Susan Weissman s'attache dans cette biographie à nous faire découvrir un Serge inattendu : elle nous fait suivre pas à pas le développement de la pensée et de l'action de l'auteur de "S'il est minuit dans le siècle". Russe élevé en Belgique, son parcours se poursuit à Paris où l'entraînent ses convictions anarchistes. Il y fréquente la célèbre bande à Bonnot et, après une lourde condamnation, il rejoint Barcelone où couve l'insurrection. Attiré comme par un aimant par la révolution des soviets, il gagne Petrograd où il découvre une révolution en danger. Il devient rapidement proche des bolcheviks dont il rencontre les plus éminents dirigeants, Lénine et Trotski notamment, et participe à la lutte désespérée de cette révolution pour briser son isolement et son étranglement. Victor Serge est aussi le témoin accusateur de la montée victorieuse du cancer bureaucratique stalinien, qui détruit de l'intérieur la Russie soviétique et la révolution. Arrêté en Union Sovietique, déporté, il est sauvé d'une mort certaine grâce à une campagne internationale pour la libération. Exilé à Paris, il est pris dans la tourmente du Front populaire, de la révolution espagnole et des procès de Moscou. Quand les chars nazis déferlent sur la France, il prend la route de son dernier exil : le Mexique. Révolutionnaire épris de liberté et d'humanisme, Victor Serge a développé une vision critique, voire iconoclaste, du processus soviétique, ce qui l'a conduit à de nombreux désaccords avec Trotski dont il partageait le combat pour un socialisme démocratique dans la Russie stalinienne et dans le monde capitaliste.
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