atw - International Journal for Nuclear Power | 03.2022

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atw Vol. 67 (2022) | Ausgabe 3 ı Mai Authors ENVIRONMENT AND SAFETY 46 Anatolii V. Nosovskyi Member, Academy of Science of Ukraine Director, Academy of Science of Ukraine Institute of Safety Problems of Nuclear Power Plants Anatoly Nosovsky, born in 1954, graduated from the Polytechnic Institute in Leningrad. Nosovsky researched nuclear submarine radiation protection for the I. Kurchatov branch of the Institute of Atomic Energy in Sosnovy Bor. In 1986, he ensured employee radiation safety during the construction of the Chornobyl nuclear power plant (ChNPP) shelter facility and associated restoration efforts. In 1988, he served as the ChNPP Deputy Chief Engineer and later as the Deputy General Director for Radiation Protection. After decommissioning ChNPP, he was the deputy director for science at State Scientific and Technical Center for Nuclear and Radiation Safety in Slavutich. In 2004, he was a department head and, since 2015, a director at the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Institute for Safety Problems of Nuclear Power Plants. Nosovsky’s former positions and awards include: Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Nuclear Power Plants and Engineering Thermal Physics, Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Honorary Worker of the Nuclear Energy of Ukraine, Laureate of the State Prize of Ukraine in Science and Technology, Member of the National Commission for Radiation Protection of the Population of Ukraine, Member of the Board of the Ukrainian Nuclear Society, Expert Council of the Ministry education and science of Ukraine; scientific and technical councils of NNEGC “Energoatom,” and the Ministry of Energy of Ukraine. Iurii Shybetskyi Principal scientist, Academy of Science of Ukraine Radioecological Centre Iurii Shybetskyi was born in 1960 and graduated in 1983 from Kyiv University and earned his PhD in isotopic geochemistry at the Kyiv Institute of Geochemistry and Mineral Physics in 1994. He has 25 years of experience in the field of radioactive waste disposal as a Principal Scientist at State Enterprise “Radioenvironmental Centre of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine” and as a Member of the National Commission for Radiation Protection of Ukraine. His main areas of expertise include radioactive waste disposal siting; safety assessments; national legislation development of norms and programs for radioactive waste management; and scientific project management. Iurii Shybetsky has authored more than 100 publications, including six books. He also helped develop the following Laws of Ukraine: “On State Ecological Program for Radioactive Waste Management in Ukraine” (2008), “On radioactive waste management” (2019), of the Decree of Cabinet “On Radioactive Waste Management Strategy in Ukraine” (2009), of the Regulations “General safety provision for geological disposal of radioactive waste” (2007), and “Siting Requirements for Radioactive Waste Disposal” (2008). As leading Ukrainian Expert, he was responsibly involved in several EU-funded international cooperation projects e.g., U4.01/08-C, “Improvement of the Waste Classification System in Ukraine” (2011-2012); U4.01/09-B, “Disposal concepts for Radioactive Waste Management in Ukraine” (2012-2017); and U4.01/14-B, “Development of a National Plan for Radioactive Waste Geological Disposal in Ukraine” (since 2018). Vyacheslav M. Shestopalov Member, Presidium of the Academy of Science of Ukraine Director, Academy of Science of Ukraine Radioecological Centre Dr. Jürgen Krone Before retirement 2018 CEO of DBE TECHNOLOGY GmbH Vyacheslav Shestopalov, born in 1936, graduated from Kyiv University in 1959 majoring in hydrogeology. In 1971 Shestopalov earned his PhD in 1971 and Doctor of Science in 1983 at the Kyiv Institute of Geological Science. He served in 1991 as a teaching professor, in 1995 he became Academician of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, in 2004-2015 as the Academician-Secretary of the Department of Earth Sciences of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, and Advisor to the Presidium of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in 2015, and currently is Director of State Enterprise at the Radioenvironmental Centre of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. He has over 30 years of experience with radioactive waste disposal and eliminating the consequences of the Chornobyl NPP catastrophe. Professor Shestopalov has authored more than 600 publications, including 28 books. He was also awarded three Orders of Ukraine “For Merit” in 2002, 2008, and 2016 and the State Prize of Ukraine in the field of science in 2004. Jürgen Krone was born 1955, graduated with a degree in computer science in 1979 and earned his PhD in 1981 from Kharkiv Polytechnical Institute. He has held various industrial management positions focusing on engineering and applied research, including several production atomization and environmental protection projects. In 1996, Krone’s professional and scientific focus became radioactive waste disposal. From 2001 until retirement in 2018, he led the newly founded DBE TECHNOLOGY GmbH. 2001 – 2021 he led a consortium of prominent European radioactive waste management organizations that implemented numerous internationally funded cooperation radioactive waste management projects in Eastern Europe and, in particular, Ukraine. Environment and Safety Nuclear Threat Resulting from Russian Military Occupation of Chornobyl Exclusion Zone ı Anatolii V. Nosovskyi, Vyacheslav M. Shestopalov, Iurii Shybetskyi, Jürgen Krone
atw Vol. 67 (2022) | Ausgabe 3 ı Mai Update on U.S. Nuclear Energy Policy Edward Kee This article covers recent developments in United States (U.S.) nuclear energy policy. The U.S. has the most operating nuclear power plants of any country, but U.S. nuclear power capacity is declining. Over the past decade, U.S. nuclear power plants have closed early due to low electricity market prices. 1 Recent U.S. nuclear energy policy initiatives help address the existential threat to nuclear power projects operating in electricity markets. In the U.S. federalist form of government, oversight of the electricity and nuclear power industries is divided between the national/federal government and state governments. New nuclear power policies have been developed and implemented at both levels. National/Federal Level The U.S. federal government has a limited role in nuclear power. The federal Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) has exclusive authority over nuclear safety matters. A major U.S. nuclear power utility, the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) is owned by the federal government, but receives no taxpayer funding and operates as a regional public power utility. The primary influence of the U.S. federal government on nuclear power is from the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). FERC regulates the wholesale power system and wholesale electricity markets. In the 1990s, FERC pushed for electricity industry reforms that included wholesale electricity markets and the divestment of generation assets by verticallyintegrated utilities. The result of these reforms was newly independent merchant generators operating in new wholesale electricity markets. FERC aimed to implement electricity industry reforms nationwide, but some states declined to participate and some parts of the U.S. retain the traditional electricity industry approach (i.e., vertically-integrated utilities under cost-of-service state regulation). A map of the U.S. electricity markets shows the various regional electricity markets, with white areas retaining the traditional vertically-integrated regulated electric utility industry structure. Also, public power utilities (e.g., municipals and cooperatives) remain in place even in the market areas. Most of the U.S. nuclear power plant early retirements have been merchant generators operating in these wholesale electricity markets. Federal nuclear energy policy developments to address this issue include the recently approved Civil Nuclear Credit program, proposals for a nuclear Production Tax Credit (PTC), and various U.S. DOE funding activities. Civil Nuclear Credit program Shortly after taking office in 2021, President Biden proposed a large infrastructure spending program. After extensive congressional negotiations, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) was passed by Congress and signed into law in November 2021. The IIJA includes, among other things, a new Civil Nuclear Credit (CNC) program that will provide $6 billion in payments to existing nuclear power plants to help prevent more early retirements of these plants. The CNC program will be designed and implemented by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Civil Nuclear Credits will be allocated to selected, certified nuclear power plants over four years. The U.S. DOE has indicated that it intends, to the maximum extent practicable, to allocate credits to as many certified reactors as possible. 2 The CNC program reflects broad political support for nuclear power as an essential part of the effort to reduce U.S. electricity sector greenhouse gas emissions. ENERGY POLICY, ECONOMY AND LAW 47 1 For a more complete discussion of this issue, see Edward Kee’s 2021 book: Market Failure – Market-Based Electricity is Killing Nuclear Power 2 See https://www.energy.gov/ne/civil-nuclear-credit-program Energy Policy, Economy and Law Update on U.S. Nuclear Energy Policy ı Edward Kee
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atw - International Journal for Nuclear Power | 03.2022

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