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[Netter Basic Science] Larry R. Cochard - Netter’s Atlas of Human Embryology (2012, Saunders) - libgen.lc
Abdominal VeinsTHE GI SYSTEM AND ABDOMINAL WALLForegutCommon cardinalveinHeart (atrium)Umbilical veinVitelline veinHepatic diverticulumGallbladderSeptum transversumVitelline veinUmbilical veinHindgutYolk sacHepaticdiverticulumin embryo ofabout 4 mmvvEndodermal cells penetratingseptum transversum toLiver cells surround vitelline veins (v)from diverticulumCells fromseptumHepaticdiverticulumGallbladderVitellineveinSchematic sagittal sectionof septum in 5-mm embryovvvSeptumtransversuvGutSinus venosusCommoncardinal veinsUmbilicalveinsLiverVitellineveinsGutAtrophy ofentirerightumbilicaland proximalpart ofleftumbilicalveinsDuctusvenosus14.5 mm36 mmGutDevelopment of liver veinsRightumbilicalveinanastomosingwith liversinusoids,thenatrophiesProximal,middle (dorsal),and distalanastomosesof vitelline veinsHepaticveins(proximalvitellines)Portal veinformed fromportions ofright and leftvitellinesand middleanastomosis25 mm49 mmLeft umbilicalvein anastomosingwith left vitelline veinvia liver sinusoidsDiaphragmBare areaCoronary ligamentDuctus venosus(atrophies after birth)Left umbilicalvein infalciformligamentSplenic and superiormesenteric veinsjoining portalFigure 6.4 abdominal VeinsConverging on the sinus venosus of the developing heart are thecommon cardinal veins with embryonic blood, the umbilicalveins carrying oxygenated blood from the placenta, and thevitelline veins from the yolk sac. The vitelline veins pass throughthe developing liver, where they form a network of liver sinusoids.The remainder of the intraembryonic portion of the vitelline veinsbecomes most of the hepatic portal system of veins draining thegut. The right umbilical vein and proximal segment of the leftdisappear; the remaining part of the left umbilical veinanastomoses with the liver sinusoids to form a liver shunt into theinferior vena cava, the ductus venosus. After birth it becomes thefibrous ligamentum venosum.135
THE GI SYSTEM AND ABDOMINAL WALLForegut and Midgut Rotations6 weeksSeptum transversumEsophagusLiver (cut surface)Stomach rotatingLesser omentumSpleenFalciform ligamentGallbladderCranial limb of primary gut loopYolk sacstalkAllantoisArrow passing frommain peritoneal cavityinto omental bursaDorsal mesogastriumbulging to leftDorsal pancreaswithin mesoduodenumExtraembryonic coelom within umbilical cordVentral pancreas passinginto mesoduodenum8 weeksCecum on caudal limb of primary gut loopLiver (cut surface)GallbladderUmbilical ringUrorectal foldUrinarybladderSuperior mesenteric arterywithin dorsal mesenteryMesocolon of hindgutFalciform ligamentDiaphragmCecum passing to rightabove coils of small intestineGreater curvature of stomachrotated 90° to leftYolksac stalkAllantoisUmbilical cordSpleen withindorsal mesogastrium bulging to leftto form omental bursaPancreas within mesoduodenumSuperior mesenteric artery within dorsal mesenteryGenital tubercleMesocolonUrogenital sinusColonAnusUreterUrinary bladderRectumUrorectal septumFigure 6.5 Foregut and Midgut RotationsNear the end of week 8, two major events occur. The midgutgrows so rapidly, it extends into the umbilical cord and begins torotate around the superior mesenteric artery. Also, the foregutrotates 90 degrees around its long axis as the enlarging liver in theventral mesogastrium (lesser omentum) moves to the right andthe dorsal mesogastrium (greater omentum) begins to bulge tothe left. This bag of dorsal mesentery will grow extensively toform the lesser peritoneal sac (the omental bursa). The greaterperitoneal sac communicates with the lesser peritoneal sacunder the ventral mesogastrium through the epiploic foramen ofWinslow (dashed arrow in plate).136
- Seite 106 und 107: Vein DevelopmentTHE CARDIOVASCULAR
- Seite 108 und 109: Vein AnomaliesTHE CARDIOVASCULAR SY
- Seite 110 und 111: Aortic Arch AnomaliesTHE CARDIOVASC
- Seite 112 und 113: Intersegmental Arteries and Coarcta
- Seite 114 und 115: Formation of Blood VesselsTHE CARDI
- Seite 116 und 117: Formation of the Heart TubeTHE CARD
- Seite 118 und 119: Bending of the Heart TubeTHE CARDIO
- Seite 120 und 121: Atrial SeparationTHE CARDIOVASCULAR
- Seite 122 und 123: Completion of the Spiral (Aorticopu
- Seite 124 und 125: Adult Derivatives of the Heart Tube
- Seite 126 und 127: Transition to Postnatal Circulation
- Seite 128 und 129: Ventricular Septal DefectsTHE CARDI
- Seite 130 und 131: Spiral Septum DefectsTHE CARDIOVASC
- Seite 132 und 133: TerminologyTHE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTE
- Seite 134 und 135: C h a p t e r 5THE RESPIRATORY SYST
- Seite 136 und 137: Formation of the Pleural CavitiesTH
- Seite 138 und 139: Visceral and Parietal PleuraTHE RES
- Seite 140 und 141: Congenital Diaphragmatic HerniaTHE
- Seite 142 und 143: Airway BranchingTHE RESPIRATORY SYS
- Seite 144 und 145: Bronchial Epithelium MaturationTHE
- Seite 146 und 147: Airway Branching AnomaliesTHE RESPI
- Seite 148 und 149: Palate Formation in the Upper Airwa
- Seite 150 und 151: TerminologyTHE RESPIRATORY SYSTEMTe
- Seite 152 und 153: C h a p t e r 6THE GASTROINTESTINAL
- Seite 154 und 155: Formation of the Gut Tube and Mesen
- Seite 158 und 159: Meckel’s DiverticulumTHE GI SYSTE
- Seite 160 und 161: Introduction to the Retroperitoneal
- Seite 162 und 163: Abdominal LigamentsTHE GI SYSTEM AN
- Seite 164 und 165: Development of Pancreatic Acini and
- Seite 166 und 167: Development of the HindgutTHE GI SY
- Seite 168 und 169: Congenital AnomaliesTHE GI SYSTEM A
- Seite 170 und 171: Development of the Abdominal WallTH
- Seite 172 und 173: The Inguinal RegionTHE GI SYSTEM AN
- Seite 174 und 175: The Adult Inguinal RegionTHE GI SYS
- Seite 176 und 177: TerminologyTHE GI SYSTEM AND ABDOMI
- Seite 178 und 179: C h a p t e r 7THE UROGENITAL SYSTE
- Seite 180 und 181: Division of the CloacaTHE UROGENITA
- Seite 182 und 183: Pronephros, Mesonephros, and Metane
- Seite 184 und 185: Ascent and Rotation of the Metaneph
- Seite 186 und 187: Kidney Migration Anomalies and Bloo
- Seite 188 und 189: Ureteric Bud DuplicationTHE UROGENI
- Seite 190 und 191: Bladder AnomaliesTHE UROGENITAL SYS
- Seite 192 und 193: Primordia of the Genital SystemTHE
- Seite 194 und 195: Anterior View of the DerivativesTHE
- Seite 196 und 197: Homologues of the External Genital
- Seite 198 und 199: Gonadal DifferentiationTHE UROGENIT
- Seite 200 und 201: Descent of TestisTHE UROGENITAL SYS
- Seite 202 und 203: Summary of Urogenital Primordia and
- Seite 204 und 205: TerminologyTHE UROGENITAL SYSTEMTer
Abdominal Veins
THE GI SYSTEM AND ABDOMINAL WALL
Foregut
Common cardinal
vein
Heart (atrium)
Umbilical vein
Vitelline vein
Hepatic diverticulum
Gallbladder
Septum transversum
Vitelline vein
Umbilical vein
Hindgut
Yolk sac
Hepatic
diverticulum
in embryo of
about 4 mm
v
v
Endodermal cells penetrating
septum transversum to
Liver cells surround vitelline veins (v)
from diverticulum
Cells from
septum
Hepatic
diverticulum
Gallbladder
Vitelline
vein
Schematic sagittal section
of septum in 5-mm embryo
v
v
v
Septum
transversu
v
Gut
Sinus venosus
Common
cardinal veins
Umbilical
veins
Liver
Vitelline
veins
Gut
Atrophy of
entire
right
umbilical
and proximal
part of
left
umbilical
veins
Ductus
venosus
1
4.5 mm
3
6 mm
Gut
Development of liver veins
Right
umbilical
vein
anastomosing
with liver
sinusoids,
then
atrophies
Proximal,
middle (dorsal),
and distal
anastomoses
of vitelline veins
Hepatic
veins
(proximal
vitellines)
Portal vein
formed from
portions of
right and left
vitellines
and middle
anastomosis
2
5 mm
4
9 mm
Left umbilical
vein anastomosing
with left vitelline vein
via liver sinusoids
Diaphragm
Bare area
Coronary ligament
Ductus venosus
(atrophies after birth)
Left umbilical
vein in
falciform
ligament
Splenic and superior
mesenteric veins
joining portal
Figure 6.4 abdominal Veins
Converging on the sinus venosus of the developing heart are the
common cardinal veins with embryonic blood, the umbilical
veins carrying oxygenated blood from the placenta, and the
vitelline veins from the yolk sac. The vitelline veins pass through
the developing liver, where they form a network of liver sinusoids.
The remainder of the intraembryonic portion of the vitelline veins
becomes most of the hepatic portal system of veins draining the
gut. The right umbilical vein and proximal segment of the left
disappear; the remaining part of the left umbilical vein
anastomoses with the liver sinusoids to form a liver shunt into the
inferior vena cava, the ductus venosus. After birth it becomes the
fibrous ligamentum venosum.
135
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