SUGGESTIONEN Ausgabe 2018

52
Literaturübersicht Wissenschaft
Literaturübersicht Wissenschaft
753
Literaturübersicht
Wissenschaft
Auch im letzten Jahr wurde auf
dem Gebiet der Hypnose wieder
eifrig geforscht. Größtenteils sind
aber inzwischen die Fragestellungen
zu speziell geworden, um für
unsere Leser von allgemeinem Interesse
zu sein. Das zeigt natürlich
andererseits, dass es schon
längst nicht mehr nur darum
geht zu untersuchen, ob Hypnose
überhaupt funktioniert, sondern
jetzt rücken Mechanismen und
Zusammenhänge auf molekularer
Ebene in den Fokus. Beispiele
dafür sind die drei anschließend
Zinaida I. Storozheva, Anna V. Kirenskaya, Mikhail N. Gordeev, Maria E. Kovaleva & Vladimir Yu
Novototsky-Vlasov (2018) COMT Genotype and Sensory and Sensorimotor Gating in High and
Low Hypnotizable Subjects, International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis,
66:1, 83-105
Abstract
zitierten Arbeiten. Hier zeigt
sich, dass unterschiedliche Ausprägungen
der Hypnotisierbarkeit
mit Variationen der Katechol-O-Methyltransferase
(COMT)
und damit dem dopaminergen
System bzw. der Ausprägung der
Stresshormone (Adrenalin, Noradrenalin,
Dopamin) oder auch
den Polymorphismen der Opioid-Rezeptoren
korreliert sind. Das
könnte letztlich bedeuten, dass
Hypnotisierbarkeit auch eine genetisch-molekulare
Komponente
haben könnte. Das Thema ist
auch für mich persönlich sehr interessant,
weil ich vor 35 Jahren
über die Nachweismöglichkeiten
von Katecholaminen promoviert
habe und damals noch niemand
im Traum an solche möglichen
Auswirkungen gedacht hat.
We investigated the association between hypnotizability, COMT polymorphism, P50 suppression
ratio, and prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle response (ASR) in 21 high (HH) and 19 low (LH)
hypnotizable subjects. The frequency of Met/Met carriers of COMT polymorphysm was higher in
HH than in LH group (33.3% versus 10.6%, p = .049).
Increased ASR amplitude and latency and decreased prepulse inhibition at 120 ms lead interval
were found in the HH compared to the LH group. The effect of COMT genotype on prepulse
inhibition was observed in LH group only. No between-group differences in P50 measures were
found. The obtained results suppose the participation of dopamine system in mechanisms of
hypnotizability and different allocation of attentional resources in HH and LH subjects.
E. R. Katonai, Anna Szekely, A. Vereczkei, Maria Sasvari-Szekely, Éva I. Bányai & Katalin Varga
(2017) Dopaminergic and Serotonergic Genotypes and the Subjective Experiences of
Hypnosis, International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 65:4, 379-397
Abstract
Hypnotizability is related to the Val158 Met polymorphism of the COMT gene. The authors’ aim
was to find associations between candidate genes and subjective dimensions of hypnosis; 136
subjects participated in hypnosis and noninvasive DNA sampling. The phenomenological
dimensions were tapped by the Archaic Involvement Measure (AIM), the Phenomenology of
Consciousness Inventory (PCI), and the Dyadic Interactional Harmony Questionnaire (DIH).
The main results were that the “Need of dependence” subscale of AIM was associated with the
COMT genotypes. The GG subgroup showed higher scores, whereas AA had below average scores
on the majority of the subjective measures. An association between the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism
and the intimacy scores on the DIH was also evident. The effects are discussed in the
social–psychobiological model of hypnosis.
Silvano Presciuttini, Michele Curcio, Rosalia Sciarrino, Fabrizio Scatena, Mark P. Jensen &
Enrica L. Santarcangelo (2018) Polymorphism of Opioid Receptors μ1 in Highly Hypnotizable
Subjects, International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 66:1, 106-118
Abstract
The possible cooperation between hypnotizability-related and placebo mechanisms in pain
modulation has not been consistently assessed. Here, we investigate possible genetic bases for
such cooperation. The OPRM1 gene, which encodes the μ1 opioid receptor—the primary site of
action for endogenous and exogenous opioids—is polymorphic in the general population for the
missense mutation Asn40Asp (A118G, rs1799971).
The minor allele 118G results in decreased levels of OPRM1 mRNA and protein.
As a consequence, G carriers are less responsive to opioids.
The aim of the study was to investigate whether hypnotizability is associated with the presence of
the OPRM1 polymorphism. Forty-three high and 60 low hypnotizable individuals, as well as 162
controls, were genotyped for the A118G polymorphism of OPRM1.
The frequency of the G allele was significantly higher in highs compared to both lows and controls.
Findings suggest that an inefficient opioid system may be a distinctive characteristic of highs and
that hypnotic assessment may predict lower responsiveness to opioids.
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