Integrierte Vermeidung und Verminderung der Umweltverschmutzung

Glossary
present for a healthy environment. A large number of species must
characterise the food chain, representing multiple predator-prey
relationships
Biomass Organic matter available on a renewable basis. Biomass includes
forest, agricultural crops and wastes, wood and wood wastes, animal
wastes, livestock operation residues, aquatic plants, fast-growing trees
and plants, and municipal and industrial wastes
Brix degree (°brix) Also called % DSSC (% dry soluble substances content).
Concentration, expressed as sucrose content, of all substances
dissolved in a liquid. X°brix is equivalent to the concentration of all
substances dissolved in a juice which causes a refractometric deviation
equal to that caused by a solution of X grams of sucrose per 100 grams
of solution
Cake Carbonation slurry after concentration with filter presses to about
70 % DS, e.g. with precipitated calcium carbonate
Catchpot Fine mesh basket placed over floor drains, to prevent solids from
entering the drainage system and the WWTP
Caustic Sodium hydroxide
Cephalopod Mollusc of class Cephalopoda
CIP system Acronym for cleaning-in-place. It is a practice for cleaning tanks,
pipelines, processing equipment and process lines by circulating water
and cleaning solutions through them without dismantling the pipelines
or equipment
Coliform bacteria Micro-organisms found in the intestinal tracts of humans and animals.
Their presence in water indicates fecal pollution and potentially
dangerous bacterial contamination by disease-causing micro-organisms
Conching Conching is a special method of kneading used in the chocolate
industry
Condition Bring to a desired state or condition
Confectionery Sweets and sweet preparations such as cakes
Cossettes Thin slices of sugar beet
Crustacean Member of the Crustacea, a large class of arthropod (animal of phylum
Arthropoda, with segmented body and and jointed limbs) with hard
shells, mainly aquatic, e.g. crab, lobster, shrimp
Culm The stem of a plant
Decoction Concentration of, or extraction of the essence of a substance by boiling
Defrost The removal of frost from the inside of a refrigerator or coldstore
Degumming The removal of gums in vegetable oil to avoid colour and taste
reversion during subsequent refining steps
Eutrophication The pollution of a body of water by sewage, fertilisers washed from the
land, and industrial wastes (inorganic nitrates and phosphates). These
compounds stimulate the growth of algae, reducing the oxygen content
in the water, and so killing animals with a high oxygen requirement
Evisceration Step in the slaughter process by which the contents of the chest and
belly cavities of the animals are removed
Fouling The process of becoming dusty or clogged, e.g. in which undesirable
foreign matter accumulates in a bed of filter or ion exchanger media,
clogging pores and coating surfaces, thus inhibiting or delaying proper
bed operation. The fouling of a heat-exchanger consists of the
accumulation of dirt or other materials on the wall of a heat-exchanger,
causing corrosion, roughness and ultimately leading to a lowered rate
of efficiency
Fresh-pack Fruit or vegetables which have been packed fresh
Fuller’s earth Soft, greenish-grey rock resembling clay, but without clay’s plasticity.
It is formed largely of clay minerals, rich in montmorillonite, but a
634 January 2006 RHC/EIPPCB/FDM_BREF_FINAL