Integrierte Vermeidung und Verminderung der Umweltverschmutzung

Chapter 7
• the application of non-thermal plasma treatment of odours in the FDM sector. There are
some outstanding concerns about the reliability and performance of this technique and
possible safety concerns when the technique is used to treat airstreams which may cause a
fire and explosion hazard
• the production of non-alcoholic beer may result in very high discharges of condensed
alcohol into the WWTP. Techniques to prevent such discharges are not described in this
document
• fumigation as a source of possible fugitive emissions, e.g. the selection and use of
fumigants.
7.6 Suggested topics for future R&D projects
The information exchange has also identified some areas where additional useful knowledge
could be gained from research and development projects. These relate to the following subjects:
• some malodorous substances emitted from FDM installations are acknowledged to be
harmful to the environment because, e.g. they contain VOCs. Parts of industry consider that
odours in general should be considered as causing nuisance only and could be dispersed
without treatment to destroy the malodorous substance. Malodorous emissions can comprise
a complex mixture of unidentified substances, so it is difficult to assess the adequacy of
abatement techniques. Research into the composition and harmfulness of emissions would
therefore be helpful
• the lowest levels of NOx emissions reported from coffee roasting are very high (see
Section 7.5). The identification of techniques for consideration in the determination of BAT
for minimising NOx levels from coffee roasting installations is a suggested research topic
• alternatives to using EDTA as a cleaning agent
• the environmental benefits and costs of reverse osmosis. RO is reported as being widely
used in the FDM sector, e.g. for concentration of whey, skimmed milk and fruit juices; for
polishing NF permeates or evaporator condensate and in water treatment, e.g. softening and
for the removal of both salt and phosphorus. The technique is reported to be effective. Its
cross-media effect of high energy consumption and the cost of cleaning and replacing filters
make it expensive to operate. The TWG did not reach any BAT conclusions either
supporting or opposing the use of RO. Research into its environmental benefits, its crossmedia
effects and its economic viability would provide useful information for when this
document is reviewed.
The EC is launching and supporting, through its RTD programmes, a series of projects dealing
with clean technologies, emerging effluent treatment and recycling technologies and
management strategies. Potentially these projects could provide a useful contribution to future
BREF reviews. Readers are therefore invited to inform the EIPPCB of any research results
which are relevant to the scope of this document (see also the Preface of this document).
RHC/EIPPCB/FDM_BREF_FINAL January 2006 621