Integrierte Vermeidung und Verminderung der Umweltverschmutzung
Integrierte Vermeidung und Verminderung der Umweltverschmutzung Integrierte Vermeidung und Verminderung der Umweltverschmutzung
3.2.2 Sorting/screening, grading, dehulling, destemming/destalking and trimming (A.2) ........................... 124 3.2.2 Sortieren/Sieben, Klassifizieren, Enthülsen, Entfernen von Stielen/Stämmen und Zurechtschneiden (A.2) ....................... 124 3.2.2.1 Water.................................................. 124 3.2.2.1 Wasser ................................................. 124 3.2.2.2 Air emissions...................................... 124 3.2.2.2 Luftemissionen .................................... 124 3.2.2.3 Solid output ....................................... 124 3.2.2.3 Abgegebene Feststoffe ........................ 124 3.2.2.4 Energy ................................................ 124 3.2.2.4 Energie................................................. 124 3.2.3 Peeling (A.3)....................................... 125 3.2.3 Schälen (A.3)....................................... 125 3.2.3.1 Water.................................................. 125 3.2.3.1 Wasser ................................................. 125 3.2.3.2 Air emissions...................................... 125 3.2.3.2 Luftemissionen .................................... 125 3.2.3.3 Solid output........................................ 125 3.2.3.3 Abgegebene Feststoffe ........................ 125 3.2.3.4 Energy ............................................... 125 3.2.3.4 Energie................................................. 125 3.2.3.5 Noise ................................................... 125 3.2.3.5 Lärm .................................................... 125 3.2.4 Washing (A.4) and thawing (A.5) .... 125 3.2.4 Waschen (A.4) und Auftauen (A.5)..... 125 3.2.4.1 Water.................................................. 125 3.2.4.1 Wasser ................................................. 125 3.2.4.2 Solid output........................................ 125 3.2.4.2 Abgegebene Feststoffe ........................ 125 3.2.4.3 Energy ................................................ 126 3.2.4.3 Energie................................................. 126 3.2.5 Cutting, slicing, chopping, mincing, pulping and pressing (B.1) .................................................... 126 3.2.5 Zerteilen, Schneiden, Zerhacken, Mahlen, Quetschen und Pressen (B.1)..................................................... 126 3.2.5.1 Water.................................................. 126 3.2.5.1 Wasser ................................................. 126 3.2.5.2 Solid output........................................ 126 3.2.5.2 Abgegebene Feststoffe ........................ 126 3.2.5.3 Energy ................................................ 126 3.2.5.3 Energie................................................. 126 3.2.5.4 Noise ................................................... 126 3.2.5.4 Lärm .................................................... 126 3.2.6 3.2.6 Mischen/Verschneiden, Mixing/blending, homogenisation Homogenisieren und Conchieren and conching (B.2)............................. 126 (B.2)..................................................... 126 3.2.6.1 Water.................................................. 126 3.2.6.1 Wasser ................................................. 126 3.2.6.2 Air emissions...................................... 126 3.2.6.2 Luftemissionen .................................... 126 3.2.6.3 Solid output........................................ 126 3.2.6.3 Abgegebene Feststoffe ........................ 126 3.2.6.4 Energy ................................................ 127 3.2.6.4 Energie................................................. 127 3.2.6.5 Noise ................................................... 127 3.2.6.5 Lärm .................................................... 127 3.2.7 Grinding/milling and crushing 3.2.7 Schroten/Mahlen und Zerstoßen (B.3) .................................................... 127 (B.3)..................................................... 127 3.2.7.1 Water.................................................. 127 3.2.7.1 Wasser ................................................. 127 3.2.7.2 Air emissions...................................... 127 3.2.7.2 Luftemissionen .................................... 127 3.2.7.3 Solid output........................................ 127 3.2.7.3 Abgegebene Feststoffe ........................ 127 3.2.7.4 Energy ................................................ 127 3.2.7.4 Energie................................................. 127 3.2.7.5 Noise ................................................... 127 3.2.7.5 Lärm .................................................... 127 3.2.8 Forming/moulding and extruding 3.2.8 (B.4) .................................................... 127 Formen und Extrudieren (B.4)............. 127 3.2.8.1 Water.................................................. 127 3.2.8.1 Wasser ................................................. 127 3.2.8.2 Air emissions...................................... 127 3.2.8.2 Luftemissionen .................................... 127 3.2.8.3 Solid output........................................ 127 3.2.8.3 Abgegebene Feststoffe ........................ 127 3.2.8.4 Energy ................................................ 127 3.2.8.4 Energie................................................. 127 3.2.9 Extraction (C.1)................................. 128 3.2.9 Extraktion (C.1)................................... 128 3.2.9.1 Water.................................................. 128 3.2.9.1 Wasser ................................................. 128 3.2.9.2 Air emissions...................................... 128 3.2.9.2 Luftemissionen .................................... 128 3.2.9.3 Solid output........................................ 128 3.2.9.3 Abgegebene Feststoffe ........................ 128 3.2.9.4 Energy ................................................ 128 3.2.9.4 Energie................................................. 128 3.2.9.5 Noise ................................................... 128 3.2.9.5 Lärm .................................................... 128 3.2.10 Deionisation (C.2).............................. 128 3.2.10 Deionisation (C.2) ............................... 128 3.2.10.1 Water.................................................. 128 3.2.10.1 Wasser ................................................. 128 3.2.10.2 Solid output........................................ 129 3.2.10.2 Abgegebene Feststoffe ........................ 129 3.2.11 Fining (C.3)........................................ 129 3.2.11 Klären (C.3)......................................... 129 3.2.11.1 Water.................................................. 129 3.2.11.1 Wasser ................................................. 129 3.2.11.2 Solid output........................................ 129 3.2.11.2 Abgegebene Feststoffe ........................ 129 3.2.12 Centrifugation and sedimentation 3.2.12 Zentrifugieren und Sedimentieren (C.4).................................................... 129 (C.4)..................................................... 129 3.2.12.1 Water.................................................. 129 3.2.12.1 Wasser ................................................. 129 3.2.12.2 Solid output........................................ 129 3.2.12.2 Abgegebene Feststoffe ........................ 129 3.2.12.3 Energy ................................................ 129 3.2.12.3 Energie................................................. 129 xxiv Januar 2006 RHC/EIPPCB/FDM_BREF_FINAL
3.2.12.4 Noise ................................................... 129 3.2.12.4 Lärm..................................................... 129 3.2.13 Filtration (C.5)................................... 129 3.2.13 Filtrieren (C.5) ..................................... 129 3.2.13.1 Water.................................................. 129 3.2.13.1 Wasser.................................................. 129 3.2.13.2 Air emissions...................................... 129 3.2.13.2 Luftemissionen..................................... 129 3.2.13.3 Solid output........................................ 130 3.2.13.3 Abgegebene Feststoffe......................... 130 3.2.13.4 Energy ................................................ 130 3.2.13.4 Energie................................................. 130 3.2.14 Membrane separation (C.6).............. 130 3.2.14 Membrantrennverfahren (C.6) ............. 130 3.2.14.1 Water.................................................. 130 3.2.14.1 Wasser.................................................. 130 3.2.14.2 Energy ................................................ 130 3.2.14.2 Energie................................................. 130 3.2.15 Crystallisation (C.7) .......................... 130 3.2.15 Kristallisation (C.7).............................. 130 3.2.15.1 Water.................................................. 130 3.2.15.1 Wasser.................................................. 130 3.2.15.2 Solid output........................................ 130 3.2.15.2 Abgegebene Feststoffe......................... 130 3.2.15.3 Energy ................................................ 130 3.2.15.3 Energie................................................. 130 3.2.16 Removal of free fatty acids by 3.2.16 Beseitigen freier Fettsäuren durch neutralisation (C.8)............................ 130 Neutralisation (C.8).............................. 130 3.2.16.1 Water.................................................. 130 3.2.16.1 Wasser.................................................. 130 3.2.16.2 Air emissions...................................... 130 3.2.16.2 Luftemissionen..................................... 130 3.2.16.3 Solid output........................................ 131 3.2.16.3 Abgegebene Feststoffe......................... 131 3.2.16.4 Energy ................................................ 131 3.2.16.4 Energie................................................. 131 3.2.17 Bleaching (C.9)................................... 131 3.2.17 Bleichen (C.9)...................................... 131 3.2.17.1 Air emissions...................................... 131 3.2.17.1 Luftemissionen..................................... 131 3.2.17.2 Solid output........................................ 131 3.2.17.2 Abgegebene Feststoffe......................... 131 3.2.17.3 Energy ................................................ 131 3.2.17.3 Energie................................................. 131 3.2.18 Deodorisation by steam stripping 3.2.18 Desodorieren durch Dampf- (C.10) .................................................. 131 Stripping (C.10) ................................... 131 3.2.18.1 Water.................................................. 131 3.2.18.1 Wasser.................................................. 131 3.2.18.2 Air emissions...................................... 131 3.2.18.2 Luftemissionen..................................... 131 3.2.18.3 Solid output........................................ 131 3.2.18.3 Abgegebene Feststoffe......................... 131 3.2.18.4 Energy ................................................ 131 3.2.18.4 Energie................................................. 131 3.2.18.5 Noise ................................................... 132 3.2.18.5 Lärm..................................................... 132 3.2.19 Decolourisation (C.11)....................... 132 3.2.19 Entfärben (C.11) .................................. 132 3.2.19.1 Water.................................................. 132 3.2.19.1 Wasser.................................................. 132 3.2.19.2 Solid output........................................ 132 3.2.19.2 Abgegebene Feststoffe......................... 132 3.2.19.3 Energy ................................................ 132 3.2.19.3 Energie................................................. 132 3.2.20 Distillation (C.12)............................... 132 3.2.20 Destillation (C12) ................................ 132 3.2.20.1 Water.................................................. 132 3.2.20.1 Wasser.................................................. 132 3.2.20.2 Air emissions...................................... 132 3.2.20.2 Luftemissionen..................................... 132 3.2.20.3 Solid output........................................ 132 3.2.20.3 Abgegebene Feststoffe......................... 132 3.2.20.4 Energy ................................................ 132 3.2.20.4 Energie................................................. 132 3.2.20.5 Noise ................................................... 133 3.2.20.5 Lärm..................................................... 133 3.2.21 Soaking (D.1)...................................... 133 3.2.21 Einweichen (D.1) ................................. 133 3.2.21.1 Water.................................................. 133 3.2.21.1 Wasser.................................................. 133 3.2.21.2 Solid output ....................................... 133 3.2.21.2 Abgegebene Feststoffe......................... 133 3.2.22 Dissolving (D.2).................................. 133 3.2.22 Auflösen (D.2) ..................................... 133 3.2.22.1 Water.................................................. 133 3.2.22.1 Wasser.................................................. 133 3.2.22.2 Air emissions...................................... 133 3.2.22.2 Luftemissionen..................................... 133 3.2.22.3 Energy ................................................ 133 3.2.22.3 Energie................................................. 133 3.2.23 Solubilisation/alkalising (D.3)........... 133 3.2.23 Solubilisation/Alkalisieren (D.3) ......... 133 3.2.23.1 Water.................................................. 133 3.2.23.1 Wasser.................................................. 133 3.2.23.2 Air emissions...................................... 133 3.2.23.2 Luftemissionen..................................... 133 3.2.23.3 Energy ................................................ 133 3.2.23.3 Energie................................................. 133 3.2.24 Fermentation (D.4) ............................ 134 3.2.24 Fermentation (D.4)............................... 134 3.2.24.1 Water.................................................. 134 3.2.24.1 Wasser.................................................. 134 3.2.24.2 Air emissions...................................... 134 3.2.24.2 Luftemissionen..................................... 134 3.2.24.3 Solid output........................................ 134 3.2.24.3 Abgegebene Feststoffe......................... 134 3.2.24.4 Energy ................................................ 134 3.2.24.4 Energie................................................. 134 3.2.25 Coagulation (D.5)............................... 134 3.2.25 Koagulation (D.5) ................................ 134 3.2.25.1 Water.................................................. 134 3.2.25.1 Wasser.................................................. 134 3.2.25.2 Energy ................................................ 134 3.2.25.2 Energie................................................. 134 3.2.26 Germination (D.6) ............................. 134 3.2.26 Keimung (D.6)..................................... 134 3.2.26.1 Water.................................................. 134 3.2.26.1 Wasser.................................................. 134 3.2.26.2 Air emissions...................................... 134 3.2.26.2 Luftemissionen..................................... 134 3.2.26.3 Energy ................................................ 134 3.2.26.3 Energie................................................. 134 RHC/EIPPCB/FDM_BREF_FINAL Januar 2006 xxv
- Seite 1 und 2: Integrierte Vermeidung und Verminde
- Seite 3: This document is one of a series of
- Seite 6 und 7: Zusammenfassung Trotz der zunehmend
- Seite 8 und 9: Zusammenfassung Vermeidung bzw. Ver
- Seite 10 und 11: Zusammenfassung 5.1 Allgemeine BVT
- Seite 12 und 13: Zusammenfassung wodurch der Energie
- Seite 14 und 15: Zusammenfassung Es gibt zusätzlich
- Seite 16 und 17: Zusammenfassung • Anwendung der n
- Seite 18 und 19: Preface Als „beste“ gelten jene
- Seite 20 und 21: BVT-Merkblatt zu über die besten v
- Seite 22 und 23: 2.1.3.7.2 Field of application.....
- Seite 24 und 25: 2.1.5.4.3 Description of techniques
- Seite 26 und 27: 2.2.1.3.5 Packing (H.1)............
- Seite 30 und 31: 3.2.27 3.2.27 Einpökeln/Einsalzen
- Seite 32 und 33: 3.2.54.1 Water.....................
- Seite 34 und 35: 4.1.3.6 4.1.3.6 Positionierung von
- Seite 36 und 37: 4.2.1.1 Switch off the engine and r
- Seite 38 und 39: 4.2.13.5 4.2.13.5 Wärmerückgewinn
- Seite 40 und 41: 4.4.3.2 Collection of air emissions
- Seite 42 und 43: 4.5.6.1 Waste water sludge treatmen
- Seite 44 und 45: 4.7.3.2 Dry cleaning...............
- Seite 46 und 47: 4.7.5.14.3 Minimise the production
- Seite 48 und 49: 4.7.9.8.2 Gradual discharge of clea
- Seite 50 und 51: List of figures Figure 2.1: Flow di
- Seite 52 und 53: Abbildung 4.66: Zweistufiges Trockn
- Seite 54 und 55: Table 3.39: Energy carrier and orde
- Seite 56 und 57: Tabelle 4.63: Wirksamkeit verschied
- Seite 59: GELTUNGSBEREICH RHC/EIPPCB/FDM_BREF
- Seite 62 und 63: Chapter 1 More detailed figures for
- Seite 64 und 65: Chapter 1 The top individual export
- Seite 66 und 67: Chapter 1 Traditionally, in many Eu
- Seite 69 und 70: 2 APPLIED PROCESSES AND TECHNIQUES
- Seite 71 und 72: 2.1.1.1.3 Description of techniques
- Seite 73 und 74: 2.1.1.4.2 Field of application Chap
- Seite 75 und 76: 2.1.2.2 Mixing/blending, homogenisa
- Seite 77 und 78: 2.1.2.4.3 Description of techniques
3.2.2<br />
Sorting/screening, grading,<br />
dehulling, destemming/destalking<br />
and trimming (A.2) ........................... 124<br />
3.2.2 Sortieren/Sieben, Klassifizieren,<br />
Enthülsen, Entfernen von<br />
Stielen/Stämmen <strong>und</strong><br />
Zurechtschneiden (A.2) ....................... 124<br />
3.2.2.1 Water.................................................. 124 3.2.2.1 Wasser ................................................. 124<br />
3.2.2.2 Air emissions...................................... 124 3.2.2.2 Luftemissionen .................................... 124<br />
3.2.2.3 Solid output ....................................... 124 3.2.2.3 Abgegebene Feststoffe ........................ 124<br />
3.2.2.4 Energy ................................................ 124 3.2.2.4 Energie................................................. 124<br />
3.2.3 Peeling (A.3)....................................... 125 3.2.3 Schälen (A.3)....................................... 125<br />
3.2.3.1 Water.................................................. 125 3.2.3.1 Wasser ................................................. 125<br />
3.2.3.2 Air emissions...................................... 125 3.2.3.2 Luftemissionen .................................... 125<br />
3.2.3.3 Solid output........................................ 125 3.2.3.3 Abgegebene Feststoffe ........................ 125<br />
3.2.3.4 Energy ............................................... 125 3.2.3.4 Energie................................................. 125<br />
3.2.3.5 Noise ................................................... 125 3.2.3.5 Lärm .................................................... 125<br />
3.2.4 Washing (A.4) and thawing (A.5) .... 125 3.2.4 Waschen (A.4) <strong>und</strong> Auftauen (A.5)..... 125<br />
3.2.4.1 Water.................................................. 125 3.2.4.1 Wasser ................................................. 125<br />
3.2.4.2 Solid output........................................ 125 3.2.4.2 Abgegebene Feststoffe ........................ 125<br />
3.2.4.3 Energy ................................................ 126 3.2.4.3 Energie................................................. 126<br />
3.2.5 Cutting, slicing, chopping,<br />
mincing, pulping and pressing<br />
(B.1) .................................................... 126<br />
3.2.5 Zerteilen, Schneiden, Zerhacken,<br />
Mahlen, Quetschen <strong>und</strong> Pressen<br />
(B.1)..................................................... 126<br />
3.2.5.1 Water.................................................. 126 3.2.5.1 Wasser ................................................. 126<br />
3.2.5.2 Solid output........................................ 126 3.2.5.2 Abgegebene Feststoffe ........................ 126<br />
3.2.5.3 Energy ................................................ 126 3.2.5.3 Energie................................................. 126<br />
3.2.5.4 Noise ................................................... 126 3.2.5.4 Lärm .................................................... 126<br />
3.2.6<br />
3.2.6 Mischen/Verschneiden,<br />
Mixing/blending, homogenisation<br />
Homogenisieren <strong>und</strong> Conchieren<br />
and conching (B.2)............................. 126<br />
(B.2)..................................................... 126<br />
3.2.6.1 Water.................................................. 126 3.2.6.1 Wasser ................................................. 126<br />
3.2.6.2 Air emissions...................................... 126 3.2.6.2 Luftemissionen .................................... 126<br />
3.2.6.3 Solid output........................................ 126 3.2.6.3 Abgegebene Feststoffe ........................ 126<br />
3.2.6.4 Energy ................................................ 127 3.2.6.4 Energie................................................. 127<br />
3.2.6.5 Noise ................................................... 127 3.2.6.5 Lärm .................................................... 127<br />
3.2.7 Grinding/milling and crushing<br />
3.2.7 Schroten/Mahlen <strong>und</strong> Zerstoßen<br />
(B.3) .................................................... 127<br />
(B.3)..................................................... 127<br />
3.2.7.1 Water.................................................. 127 3.2.7.1 Wasser ................................................. 127<br />
3.2.7.2 Air emissions...................................... 127 3.2.7.2 Luftemissionen .................................... 127<br />
3.2.7.3 Solid output........................................ 127 3.2.7.3 Abgegebene Feststoffe ........................ 127<br />
3.2.7.4 Energy ................................................ 127 3.2.7.4 Energie................................................. 127<br />
3.2.7.5 Noise ................................................... 127 3.2.7.5 Lärm .................................................... 127<br />
3.2.8 Forming/moulding and extruding 3.2.8<br />
(B.4) .................................................... 127<br />
Formen <strong>und</strong> Extrudieren (B.4)............. 127<br />
3.2.8.1 Water.................................................. 127 3.2.8.1 Wasser ................................................. 127<br />
3.2.8.2 Air emissions...................................... 127 3.2.8.2 Luftemissionen .................................... 127<br />
3.2.8.3 Solid output........................................ 127 3.2.8.3 Abgegebene Feststoffe ........................ 127<br />
3.2.8.4 Energy ................................................ 127 3.2.8.4 Energie................................................. 127<br />
3.2.9 Extraction (C.1)................................. 128 3.2.9 Extraktion (C.1)................................... 128<br />
3.2.9.1 Water.................................................. 128 3.2.9.1 Wasser ................................................. 128<br />
3.2.9.2 Air emissions...................................... 128 3.2.9.2 Luftemissionen .................................... 128<br />
3.2.9.3 Solid output........................................ 128 3.2.9.3 Abgegebene Feststoffe ........................ 128<br />
3.2.9.4 Energy ................................................ 128 3.2.9.4 Energie................................................. 128<br />
3.2.9.5 Noise ................................................... 128 3.2.9.5 Lärm .................................................... 128<br />
3.2.10 Deionisation (C.2).............................. 128 3.2.10 Deionisation (C.2) ............................... 128<br />
3.2.10.1 Water.................................................. 128 3.2.10.1 Wasser ................................................. 128<br />
3.2.10.2 Solid output........................................ 129 3.2.10.2 Abgegebene Feststoffe ........................ 129<br />
3.2.11 Fining (C.3)........................................ 129 3.2.11 Klären (C.3)......................................... 129<br />
3.2.11.1 Water.................................................. 129 3.2.11.1 Wasser ................................................. 129<br />
3.2.11.2 Solid output........................................ 129 3.2.11.2 Abgegebene Feststoffe ........................ 129<br />
3.2.12 Centrifugation and sedimentation 3.2.12 Zentrifugieren <strong>und</strong> Sedimentieren<br />
(C.4).................................................... 129<br />
(C.4)..................................................... 129<br />
3.2.12.1 Water.................................................. 129 3.2.12.1 Wasser ................................................. 129<br />
3.2.12.2 Solid output........................................ 129 3.2.12.2 Abgegebene Feststoffe ........................ 129<br />
3.2.12.3 Energy ................................................ 129 3.2.12.3 Energie................................................. 129<br />
xxiv Januar 2006 RHC/EIPPCB/FDM_BREF_FINAL