Integrierte Vermeidung und Verminderung der Umweltverschmutzung

Chapter 3
The major consumers of electrical energy are the packaging area; cooling plant; compressed air
plant; if applied, the carbon dioxide recovery plant; WWTP and air conditioning. Pumps,
ventilators, drives, and electric lighting count for a large part of the electricity consumption,
with about 8 – 12 kWh/hl in a brewery.
3.3.11.6 Noise
The main noise sources are transport within the brewery with lorries and forklifts, condensers
and cooling towers.
3.3.11.7 Solid output
The majority of solid waste arises from packaging.
3.3.12 Citric acid
The process is described in Section 2.2.20. The major environmental issues are water pollution
and the generation of solid wastes.
3.3.12.1 Water consumption
Specific water consumption is around 40 m³ per tonne of installation citric acid production
capacity.
3.3.12.2 Waste water
The waste water generated has high COD levels; compounds containing calcium and sulphur
derived from precipitation and decomposition, and a high concentration of NH4-N from the raw
material (molasses) and fermentation [151, Austrian contribution, 2002].
3.3.12.3 Solid output
The main solid wastes are the mycelium of the mould filtered from the fermentation broth, the
gypsum generated during citric acid purification and the solid wastes produced during waste
water treatment, i.e. anaerobic sludge and sulphur from biogas. Minor quantities of filtering aids
are derived from polishing filtration. The solid wastes and by-products from citric acid
fermentation are shown in Table 3.78.
Solid waste and by-product Unit Value
Mycelium kg dry 100
Gypsum (CaSO4 x 2H2O) matter/ 1000
Waste water sludge from anaerobic pretreatment t citric acid 50
Sulphur from desulphurisation
3 – 4
Table 3.78: Solid wastes and by-products in the citric acid fermentation process
[151, Austrian contribution, 2002]
RHC/EIPPCB/FDM_BREF_FINAL January 2006 207