Integrierte Vermeidung und Verminderung der Umweltverschmutzung

3.3.11.3 Air emissions
Chapter 3
Apart from the emissions to air from energy generation processes, the main potential emission
sources are dust from material intake and transport of raw materials, i.e. grains, and filtration
aids, i.e. kieselguhr. Ammonia from cooling operations may be accidentally released.
The largest source of odour emissions is the evaporation from wort boiling. Other sources are
waste water treatment, storage and handling of co-products and by-products, oil storage,
ventilation of beer cellars and packaging lines and air emissions from the boiler house.
3.3.11.4 Solid output
Solid materials enter the brewery in the form of raw and ancillary materials. Solid materials
leave the brewery as co-products such as brewers grains and surplus yeast, primary and
secondary packaging material, and other solid waste. Generally, only a very small amount of
hazardous waste is produced, e.g. spent laboratory chemicals and batteries. Major co-product,
by-product and solid waste fractions are identified in the example shown in Figure 3.18. The
generation of co-product, by-product and solid waste is quantified for a brewery that produces
one million hectolitres of beer per year. The example installation produces beer bottled mainly
in returnable bottles, and uses plastic crates. The generation of flue-gas and waste water
treatment residuals are not considered.
Spent kieselguhr
Type of solid output
Wood
Oil
Metals
Cardboard
Plastic
Malt dust
Labels
Broken glas
Surplus yeast
Brewers grains
7
8
18
38
53
125
289
837
2000
2500
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
Tonnes/year
By-products and solid waste
Co-products
Figure 3.18: Co-product, by-product and solid waste quantities from a 1 million hl beer/yr brewery
[136, CBMC - The Brewers of Europe, 2002]
Husk and malt grits may be mixed into brewers grains which are used in the production process.
Surplus yeast, brewers grains, trub from the whirlpool and husk and malt grits may be used as
animal feed. Yeasts are also used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and spreads. Spent
diatomaceous earth, i.e. kieselguhr, can be used in the cement industry, broken glass may be reused
for glass manufacturing. Label pulp from cleaning the returnable bottles, cardboard and
paper wastes may be re-used in the paper industry. Plastics and metal from hop cans and
replacement equipment may be recycled.
RHC/EIPPCB/FDM_BREF_FINAL January 2006 205
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