Integrierte Vermeidung und Verminderung der Umweltverschmutzung

Chapter 3
The production of the final product occurs all year round, whereas the milling of fruit is dictated
by the harvesting of the fruit. Waste water from the production of the final product is generally
generated from cleaning water; waste product, which is kept to a minimum and spillages from
storage areas. During the milling season, the waste water volumes and strengths increase
significantly. The main sources of waste water during this period are transport water used in
conveying the fruit through the process, surplus evaporator water from juice concentrating, and
general cleaning water.
The transport water can often be recycled, however, this waste water is highly polluted.
Towards the middle of the milling season, flows and loads increase due to the quantity of fruit
entering an installation. Towards the end of the milling season the volume of waste water
decreases, however, the BOD and solids content of the waste water increases due to the
deteriorating quality of the fruit being received.
3.3.11 Brewing
Beer is a fermented drink with a relatively low alcohol content made from various types of malt
and grain. Malted barley predominates but malted wheat, maize or other grains, or sugar and
syrups may also be used. Although there are installations where malt is also produced at the
same premises, consumption and emission levels for malt production are reported in
Section 3.2.26.
Breweries use significant amounts of water and energy and produce waste water and solid
residues. Figure 3.17 shows the typical consumption and emission levels for German breweries.
Note that capacity/output of breweries is usually expressed in hectolitres (hl) not in cubic metres
(m 3 ) of beer.
Freshwater consumption
3.7 to 4.7 hl
Heat energy consumption
85 to 120 MJ
Electricity consumption
7.5 to 11.5 kWh
Diatomaceous earth
90 to 160 g
Wastewater
2.2 to 3.3 hl
Re-usable products
(varying dry matter)
Spent grains 16 to 19 kg
Yeast and lees 1.7 to 2.9 kg
Diatom. earth 0.4 to 0.7 kg
Solid waste
Glass 0.3 to 0.6 kg
Paper 0.14 to 0.27 kg
Cardboard 0.04 to 0.11 kg
Wood 0.017 to 0.03 kg
Plastic 0.01 to 0.04 kg
Metal 0.01 to 0.06 kg
Figure 3.17: Input and output figures for large German breweries (capacity over 1 million hl beer)
per hl of beer sold
[65, Germany, 2002]
202 January 2006 RHC/EIPPCB/FDM_BREF_FINAL