Integrierte Vermeidung und Verminderung der Umweltverschmutzung

Chapter 3
Total energy (kWh) consumed
Specific value
Specific value
per tonne of beet processed per tonne of sugar produced
Average Range Average Range
307 232 – 367 1987 1554 – 2379
Table 3.69: Energy consumption in Danish sugar factories
[139, Nielsen E.H. Lehmann, 2002]
In a Greek study, a figure of 280 kWh/t is given for the electrical part of the energy
consumption in sugar manufacturing [74, Greek Ministry for the Environment, 2001].
3.3.8.2 Cane sugar refining
The starting point is not sugar cane, but raw sugar, therefore less water is required than in sugar
beet processing. The regeneration every 40 – 50 hours of the ion exchange resin cells used in the
decolourisation process generates a difficult waste water as caustic brine is used as the
regenerant [13, Environment Agency of England and Wales, 2000]. There may be excess
condensate and sweet water although these can be eliminated (see Section 4.7.7.3). Waste water
is generated from the steam cleaning of the bulk road tankers used to transport liquid sugar
products.
3.3.9 Coffee
See extraction in Section 3.2.9, roasting in Section 3.2.39 and drying in Section 3.2.44.
3.3.10 Drinks
This section includes the production of ethyl alcohol by fermentation, manufacture of wine from
grapes and from concentrated grape must, manufacture of fruit wines and other fermented fruit
drinks, manufacture of cider and perry, manufacture of distilled alcoholic drinks, manufacture
of soft drinks, and production of mineral waters, if this is carried out together with another
activity covered by IPPC Directive. The manufacture of fruit juices and beer are discussed in
Sections 3.3.3 and 3.3.11.
3.3.10.1 Water consumption
Water consumption is in the range of 6 – 14 m 3 /m 3 product. In breweries, water is mainly used
for mashing, heat transfer and cleaning operations. Water consumption for modern breweries
generally ranges from 0.4 – 1 m 3 /hl.
3.3.10.2 Waste water
The major issue in this sector is waste water generation. Some typical waste water production
figures for the soft drinks sector are shown in Table 3.70.
Product Specific waste water discharge
(m³/m³ of product)
Bottled waters 0.8
Fruit juices 1.5
Carbonates/dilutables 1.4
Carbonates/fruit juices 3.6
Table 3.70: Average specific waste water discharges
[51, Envirowise (UK), 1998]
200 January 2006 RHC/EIPPCB/FDM_BREF_FINAL