Integrierte Vermeidung und Verminderung der Umweltverschmutzung

Chapter 3
Source Volume
m 3 /t 1
BOD5
mg/l
COD
mg/l
FOG
mg/l
SS
mg/l
Neutral oil washing 0.1 1000 15000 100 - 500 n.d. 3
Neutralisation reaction
pH = 10 – 12
2.1 2
4300 7200 670 2900
Barometric condensers
pH = 6.5 – 7.5
2 140 – 200 500 – 600 20 – 200 40 – 100
Steam boiler 10 % of
steam
20 40 – 100
Water softening 5 % of
steam
20 40 – 100
Floor and equipment cleaning 0.1 1500 2000 n.d. 300
1 2 3
per t of crude oil per t of ffa n.d. = no data
Table 3.42: Reported untreated waste water characteristics in vegetable oil refining (cornflower,
cottonseed and sunflower)
[74, Greek Ministry for the Environment, 2001]
3.3.4.2.1 Olive oil
Traditional olive oil production, also called pressing, generates about 2 to 5 litres of waste water
per litre of oil produced, the three-phase continuous olive oil extraction generates about
6 to 8 litres of waste water per litre of oil produced, whereas the two-phase continuous olive oil
extraction generates only about 0.33 – 0.35 litres of waste water per litre of oil produced. Table
3.43 shows the characteristics of olive oil waste water using different extraction techniques.
Technology
Traditional
extraction
(pressing)
Three-phase
extraction
Two-phase
extraction
Waste water
volume
(m 3 /t olive oil)
BOD5
(mg/l)
COD
(mg/l)
TSS
(mg/l)
2 – 5 22000 – 62000 59000 – 162000 65000 4.6 – 4.9
6 – 8 13000 – 14000 39000 – 78000 65000 5.2
0.33 – 0.35 90000 – 100000 120000 – 130000 120000 4.5 – 5.0
Table 3.43: Characteristics of olive oil mill waste water
[74, Greek Ministry for the Environment, 2001, 86, Junta de Andalucia and Agencia de Medio
Ambiente, 1994]
3.3.4.3 Air emissions
Dry dust is generated during seed delivery, silo storage, seed cleaning, seed preparation, meal
shipment and indoor transportation/conveying. Wet dust can arise during seed preparation, meal
drying and cooling, and indoor transportation/conveying.
If solvent extraction is applied, leakages and transportation can cause losses to the air.
Following the extraction step, emissions of solvent (hexane) may occur during drying, cooling,
storage and the transportation of meal and crude oil. Air emission levels for hexane, associated
with various seed feedstocks, are shown in Table 3.44.
Table 3.44: Hexane emission to air
[65, Germany, 2002]
Feedstock Hexane output
(kg hexane/t raw seed)
Soy beans 0.5 – 1.0
Rapeseed 0.5 – 1.2
Sunflowerseed 0.5 – 1.2
Linseed about 2.0
Castor >3.0
180 January 2006 RHC/EIPPCB/FDM_BREF_FINAL
pH