Integrierte Vermeidung und Verminderung der Umweltverschmutzung

3.3.1.3.4 Drying
Chapter 3
Dried meats are produced by curing, followed by drying at low humidity. Unless odour
abatement considerations make it necessary to condense water vapour from the drier flue-gases,
no waste water is generated.
3.3.1.3.5 Canning
The use of hot water or direct steam heating for cooking, prior to canning produces waste water
contaminated with fat, protein and fragments of meat. After canning, the meats must be heatprocessed
to achieve pasteurisation and shelf stability. Can cleaning, both before and after
filling, and can cooling use considerable quantities of water.
Table 3.15 summarises consumption and emission levels expressed per tonne of finished
product reported for the Italian meat industry for canned meat manufacturing. A flow sheet for
canned meat production is given in Figure 2.3.
Unit operation
Canned meat manufacturing
Water
consumption
Waste
water
load
Solid
output
Electrical
energy
Thermal
energy
No. Description (m 3 /t) (kg (kg/t) (kWh/t) (kg
COD/t)
steam/t)
A.1
Materials handling and
storage
18 1 1 – 2
A.4
A.5
Washing and thawing 6 – 12 1 – 2 0.5 – 1.5
B.1
Cutting, slicing, chopping,
mincing, pulping and pressing
E.8
Pasteurisation, sterilisation
and UHT
1.5 – 3.5 2 – 4 800 – 900
G.1
Cooling, chilling and cold
stabilisation
1.5 – 3.5
H.1 Packing and filling 1 – 2 0.7 2 100 – 120
U.1 Cleaning and disinfection 0.5 – 2.0 20 5 – 10
U.2
Energy generation and
consumption
1 – 2
U.3 Water use 1 3
U.4 Vacuum generation
U.5 Refrigeration
Overall totals of typical installations
(all unit operations are not undertaken
at each installation, so the totals are not
the sum of the levels for each unit
operation)
1)
Plastic, cardboard
2)
Cans
3)
Sludge, resins
10 – 18 20 – 25 20 – 30 150 – 400 800 – 900
Table 3.15: Consumption and emission levels for canned meat in Italy
[89, Italian contribution, 2001]
3.3.2 Fish and shellfish
Major environmental impacts associated with fish processing operations are the high
consumption of water, consumption of energy and the discharge of a waste water with a high
organic concentration due to the presence of oils, proteins and SS. Waste water can also contain
high levels of phosphates, nitrates and chloride. Noise, odour and solid wastes may also be
concerns for some installations. In addition to this, due to its highly perishable nature when
compared to other FDM products, if not properly refrigerated, product yield decreases and
product losses contribute to the solid and liquid waste loads. These solids may be used in fishmeal
production.
RHC/EIPPCB/FDM_BREF_FINAL January 2006 155