Integrierte Vermeidung und Verminderung der Umweltverschmutzung

3.2.54.3 Energy
Chapter 3
The energy usage will depend on the type of compressor used, the absolute pressure to be
achieved and the size of the system. For large operations, the consumption can be reasonably
high.
3.2.54.4 Noise
Noise may occur due to the operation of the fans associated with the cooling towers.
3.2.55 Refrigeration (U.5)
3.2.55.1 Water
Water consumption can be significant when water is used as the cooling medium for the
condenser in a once-through system. Recirculating the cooling water over a cooling tower
reduces water consumption. Accidental release of liquid ammonia needs to be prevented.
3.2.55.2 Air emissions
Refrigeration equipment which contains mainly NH3 or (H)CFCs does not emit refrigerants, if
properly operated and maintained, as the systems are closed. An accidental breakage or leakage
could cause releases into the atmosphere, so the risk of an accident needs to be minimised.
3.2.55.3 Energy
Refrigeration equipment needs a high electricity input.
3.2.55.4 Noise
Noise produced by the compressors of refrigeration equipment may be a problem.
3.2.56 Compressed air generation (U.6)
3.2.56.1 Air emissions
Air emissions are generally minimised due to the use of filters to remove oil and other
impurities to ensure that the compressed air is of food grade quality.
3.2.56.2 Energy
Energy is consumed in the compressor.
3.2.56.3 Noise
Noise emissions can be a problem.
3.3 Consumption and emission levels in some individual FDM
sectors
Unit operations in specific sectors are described in Section 2.2.
Table 3.9 shows a summary of reported water consumption and waste water volumes for some
of the FDM sectors. Some of the consumption and emission values are inconsistent.
RHC/EIPPCB/FDM_BREF_FINAL January 2006 147