Integrierte Vermeidung und Verminderung der Umweltverschmutzung

Chapter 3
3.2.29.4 Energy
Energy is supplied as steam and electricity. Total energy consumption is between
110 to 280 kWh/t product (400 and 1000 MJ/t).
3.2.29.5 Noise
Noise issues may arise from cooling towers, compressors or vacuum systems.
3.2.30 Sulphitation (D.10)
3.2.30.1 Air emissions
A substance of environmental concern is SO2, however, it is readily absorbed by the liquid to be
treated, e.g. wine, and actual residual emissions are extremely low.
3.2.31 Carbonatation (D.11)
3.2.31.1 Air emissions
Excess CO2 is vented to the air. If a limekiln is used, then there is CO emitted due to the
inevitable incomplete combustion within the kiln. SO2 and NOx combustion products also occur
and are vented to the air accompanied by small amounts of dust. Lime hydrators, used in
conjunction with kilns, will also emit small quantities of dust. There is usually an over-pressure
vent on the kiln. The normal kiln exhaust gases are washed before being introduced in the
process. Exhaust gases and vapours from the carbonatation vessels contain NH3, CO and other
malodorous compounds.
3.2.31.2 Solid output
Any precipitate formed during the carbonatation is separated out from the sugar juice and is
sometimes sent for landspreading. Residues from lime production and hydrating are sent to
landfill or, e.g. used for road paving or road foundations.
3.2.31.3 Noise
If a limekiln is used, then the charging of limestone and coke may produce noise off site.
3.2.32 Carbonation (D.12)
3.2.32.1 Air emisssions
There is risk of accidental releases of CO2.
3.2.32.2 Energy
Energy is required to operate heat-exchangers and coolers.
3.2.33 Coating/spraying/enrobing/agglomeration/encapsulation (D.13)
3.2.33.1 Water
Waste water is produced from the cleaning of the equipment. This will contain product residues
consisting of dissolved organic material, SS and FOG.
136 January 2006 RHC/EIPPCB/FDM_BREF_FINAL