Integrierte Vermeidung und Verminderung der Umweltverschmutzung

3.2.20.5 Noise
Chapter 3
Some of the production equipment may emit high noise levels, e.g. during the concentration of
stillage or the dehydration of alcohol by molecular sieve adsorption.
3.2.21 Soaking (D.1)
3.2.21.1 Water
For soaking, water is required and consequently some waste water containing dissolved organic
material and SS is produced.
3.2.21.2 Solid output
Some dirt can be produced, although this is usually removed during soaking. Organic solid
output may also be produced.
3.2.22 Dissolving (D.2)
3.2.22.1 Water
Waste water is generated during cleaning. This waste water may contain product residues, e.g.
powder and oil from rinsing, resulting in dissolved organic material, dissolved solids and SS in
the waste water.
3.2.22.2 Air emissions
Dust emissions may occur during bag tipping. These emissions are typically minor and
generally remain inside buildings.
3.2.22.3 Energy
During the dissolving process, steam and electricity are used.
3.2.23 Solubilisation/alkalising (D.3)
3.2.23.1 Water
Waste water is generated from the cleaning of equipment and typically contains soluble organic
material, SS and FOG.
3.2.23.2 Air emissions
Air emissions typically consist of water vapour containing low concentrations of VOCs and
dust. Odour may also be a problem.
3.2.23.3 Energy
An example of the typical energy requirements per tonne of cocoa is shown in Table 3.8.
Electrical power Electrical power Steam Steam
(kJ/kg) (kWh/kg) (kg/t) (kWh/t)
Liquid process 35 – 70 0.010 – 0.019 300 – 500 233 – 389
Nips alkalising 35 – 550 0.010 – 0.153 700 – 1000 548 – 778
Table 3.8: Typical energy requirement per tonne of cocoa
[1, CIAA, 2002]
RHC/EIPPCB/FDM_BREF_FINAL January 2006 133