Integrierte Vermeidung und Verminderung der Umweltverschmutzung

3.2.6.4 Energy
These unit operations require mainly electrical energy input.
3.2.6.5 Noise
Homogenisation may be a source of noise.
3.2.7 Grinding/milling and crushing (B.3)
3.2.7.1 Water
Wet griding consumes large quantities of water.
3.2.7.2 Air emissions
Dust is emitted in operations involving solids. VOCs may also be emitted.
3.2.7.3 Solid output
Chapter 3
Solid organic output is generated when equipment is emptied for the next batch or for cleaning.
Some losses occur during such operations. This solid output can consist of raw materials or
waste products and can be reprocessed or sold as animal feed.
3.2.7.4 Energy
Grinding requires a significant energy input.
3.2.7.5 Noise
Grinding is a source of noise.
3.2.8 Forming/moulding and extruding (B.4)
3.2.8.1 Water
Waste water is generated during the cleaning of equipment and contains primarily soluble
organic material and SS and may also contain nitrate, nitrite, ammonia and phosphate.
3.2.8.2 Air emissions
Extrusion at high temperatures may result in some air emissions of VOCs and odour.
3.2.8.3 Solid output
Some solid waste may be generated due to the loss of product at the beginning and end of the
production process.
3.2.8.4 Energy
Typically, extruders are major users of electrical energy.
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