Integrierte Vermeidung und Verminderung der Umweltverschmutzung

Chapter 3
3.2.4.3 Energy
The electricity consumption for washing operations heavily depends on the vegetable
concerned. Washing spinach, for instance, is energy intensive.
During washing operations, hot water can be used to increase the speed and efficiency of the
washing. Most companies do not heat the water. Sometimes hot residual water from the
blanching system is used for washing [32, Van Bael J., 1998]
Thawing using hot air consumes energy.
3.2.5 Cutting, slicing, chopping, mincing, pulping and pressing (B.1)
3.2.5.1 Water
Waste water results mainly from the cleaning of equipment. It usually contains soluble organic
material, such as small particles of meat, fruit and vegetables. In meat processing, the waste
water may also contain soluble proteins, FOG and other solids, such as curing salts.
3.2.5.2 Solid output
The by-products generated depend on the raw material and process, e.g. in meat cutting, typical
by-products are bones, fat and skin. These are usually used for other manufacturing processes,
which might even be outside the FDM sector, such as soap manufacture. Other typical outputs
include fruit and vegetable peelings.
3.2.5.3 Energy
Electrical energy is used for various equipment.
3.2.5.4 Noise
Some high-speed, power-operated equipment is used which can generate high noise levels, e.g.
circular saws used to cut through bones and bowl cutters. However, this is usually not an issue,
as the noise typically does not carry to off-site receptors.
3.2.6 Mixing/blending, homogenisation and conching (B.2)
3.2.6.1 Water
The use of water in this group of operations is normally restricted to cleaning the equipment.
The amount used depends on the type of equipment. The resulting waste water contains soluble
organic material, SS, FOG and may also contain nitrate, nitrite, ammonia and phosphate.
3.2.6.2 Air emissions
In operations where solid and volatile materials are treated, emissions to air can occur. Odour
may be produced by operations which involve VOCs. Dust is emitted in operations involving
solids such as solid/solid mixing.
3.2.6.3 Solid output
In operations where solid materials are processed, solid organic output may be generated when
equipment is emptied for the next batch or for cleaning. Normally some losses occur during
such operations. This solid waste can consist of raw materials or waste products. By careful
operation and good housekeeping, the amount of solid output can often be reduced and any
output resulting may be re-used or sold as animal feed.
126 January 2006 RHC/EIPPCB/FDM_BREF_FINAL