Integrierte Vermeidung und Verminderung der Umweltverschmutzung
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Integrierte Vermeidung und Verminderung der Umweltverschmutzung

Integrierte Vermeidung und Verminderung der Umweltverschmutzung Integrierte Vermeidung und Verminderung der Umweltverschmutzung

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10.12.2012 Aufrufe

Chapter 3 C.9 Bleaching N N W1,W3 C.10 Deodorisation by stream stripping S1, S3 E1, E2, E4 W2 C.11 Decolourisation N E1,E2 W1 C.12 Distillation S1, S3, S4 E1,E2 W1 D.1 Soaking D. Product processing technology N E1, E2 W1 D.2 Dissolving N E1, E2, E6 N D.3 Solubilisation/alkalising S1, S2, S3 E1,E2 N D.4 Fermentation S1,S4 E1,E2 W1 D.5 Coagulation N E1, E2 N D.6 Germination S3 N N D.7 Brining/curing and pickling N E1, E2, E6 W1 D.8 Smoking S1, S3 E1 N D.9 Hardening S1 E1, E2, E4 W5 D.10 Sulphitation S6 N N D.11 Carbonatation S1, S4, S5, S6, S7 N W3 D.12 Carbonation S4 N N D.13 Coating/spraying/enrobing/agglomeration/ S1 E1, E2, E4 W1, W2 encapsulation D.14 Ageing S1, S3 E. Heat processing E1,E2 W1, W6 E.1 Melting S1 E1, E2, E4 W1, W2 E.2 Blanching S1 E1, E2, E6 W1 E.3 Cooking and boiling S1, S3 E1, E2, E4, E5, E6 W1 E.4 Baking S1, S2, S3, S4 E1, E2, E4 W1 E.5 Roasting S1, S2, S3, N W1 S4, S5 E.6 Frying S1, S3 E1, E2, E3, E4 W1, W2 E.7 Tempering N E1,E2 N E.8 Pasteurisation, sterilisation and UHT N E1, E2 W1 F.1 Evaporation (liquid to liquid) F. Concentration by heat S1, S2 E1, E2, E5 N F.2 Drying (liquid to solid) S1, S2 E1, E2 W1 F.3 Dehydration (solid to solid) S1, S2 E1, E2 W1 G. Processing by removal of heat G.1 Cooling, chilling and cold stabilisation S4 M N G.2 Freezing S4, S7 N N Cryoextraction N E1 W1, W3 Concentration by cold N E1 N G.3 Freeze-drying/lyophilisation N E2 N H.1 Packing and filling H. Post processing operations S2 E1, E2 W1, W6 H.2 Gas flushing and storage under gas S4 U. Utility processes N N U.1 Cleaning and disinfection N E1, E2, E3, E4, E5 N U.2 Energy generation and consumption S2, S4, S5, N N Boiler blowdown N E5 N U.3 Water use Demineralisation plant N E1, E2, E3, E5 W1, W3 U.4 Vacuum generation S1 E1 N U.5 Refrigeration S7 E5 N U.6 Compressed air generation N N N Table 3.4: Environmental impacts of the FDM unit operations [1, CIAA, 2002] 122 January 2006 RHC/EIPPCB/FDM_BREF_FINAL S6

Code Emissions to air S1 Odour S2 Dust S3 Organics* S4 CO2 S5 NO2 S6 SO2 S7 NH3 M Minor N None * Organics covers emissions containing organic material at the actual processing conditions and is regardless of the vapour pressure of the individual components present in the emission Table 3.5: Codes used for emissions to air [1, CIAA, 2002] Table 3.6: Codes used for emissions to water [1, CIAA, 2002] Code Emissions to water E1 Soluble organic material (BOD/COD) E2 Total suspended solids E3 Acid/alkali E4 FOG E5 Nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, phosphate E6 Dissolved solids M Minor N None Code Solid outputs W1 Organic, e.g. waste product/processing materials W2 Oils/fats/greases W3 Inorganic, e.g. soil, calcium carbonate and bleaching earth W4 Solvent W5 Metals, e.g. nickel catalyst W6 Packaging from process operations, e.g. paper, cardboard or drums M Minor N None Table 3.7: Codes used for solid outputs [1, CIAA, 2002] 3.2.1 Materials handling and storage (A.1) 3.2.1.1 Water Chapter 3 The main release into water is caused by leakages. During the transport by water of solid raw materials, such as vegetables, roots and tubers, both organic and inorganic SS and soluble compounds are released to water. Cleaning of the various pipes and storage tanks also contributes to water usage and waste water load. The waste water may also contain acid/alkali solutions, FOG, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia and phosphate. 3.2.1.2 Air emissions Emissions to air can occur from vessel vents during filling, and/or conveying by air. These emissions may include dust, VOCs and odours, which are usually minor in quantity and local in effect. RHC/EIPPCB/FDM_BREF_FINAL January 2006 123

Code Emissions to air<br />

S1 Odour<br />

S2 Dust<br />

S3 Organics*<br />

S4 CO2<br />

S5 NO2<br />

S6 SO2<br />

S7 NH3<br />

M Minor<br />

N None<br />

* Organics covers emissions containing organic material at the actual processing conditions<br />

and is regardless of the vapour pressure of the individual components present in the emission<br />

Table 3.5: Codes used for emissions to air<br />

[1, CIAA, 2002]<br />

Table 3.6: Codes used for emissions to water<br />

[1, CIAA, 2002]<br />

Code Emissions to water<br />

E1 Soluble organic material (BOD/COD)<br />

E2 Total suspended solids<br />

E3 Acid/alkali<br />

E4 FOG<br />

E5 Nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, phosphate<br />

E6 Dissolved solids<br />

M Minor<br />

N None<br />

Code Solid outputs<br />

W1 Organic, e.g. waste product/processing materials<br />

W2 Oils/fats/greases<br />

W3 Inorganic, e.g. soil, calcium carbonate and bleaching earth<br />

W4 Solvent<br />

W5 Metals, e.g. nickel catalyst<br />

W6 Packaging from process operations, e.g. paper, cardboard or drums<br />

M Minor<br />

N None<br />

Table 3.7: Codes used for solid outputs<br />

[1, CIAA, 2002]<br />

3.2.1 Materials handling and storage (A.1)<br />

3.2.1.1 Water<br />

Chapter 3<br />

The main release into water is caused by leakages. During the transport by water of solid raw<br />

materials, such as vegetables, roots and tubers, both organic and inorganic SS and soluble<br />

compo<strong>und</strong>s are released to water. Cleaning of the various pipes and storage tanks also<br />

contributes to water usage and waste water load. The waste water may also contain acid/alkali<br />

solutions, FOG, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia and phosphate.<br />

3.2.1.2 Air emissions<br />

Emissions to air can occur from vessel vents during filling, and/or conveying by air. These<br />

emissions may include dust, VOCs and odours, which are usually minor in quantity and local in<br />

effect.<br />

RHC/EIPPCB/FDM_BREF_FINAL January 2006 123

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