Integrierte Vermeidung und Verminderung der Umweltverschmutzung

Chapter 3
C.9 Bleaching N N W1,W3
C.10 Deodorisation by stream stripping S1, S3 E1, E2, E4 W2
C.11 Decolourisation N E1,E2 W1
C.12 Distillation S1, S3, S4 E1,E2 W1
D.1 Soaking
D. Product processing technology
N E1, E2 W1
D.2 Dissolving N E1, E2, E6 N
D.3 Solubilisation/alkalising S1, S2, S3 E1,E2 N
D.4 Fermentation S1,S4 E1,E2 W1
D.5 Coagulation N E1, E2 N
D.6 Germination S3 N N
D.7 Brining/curing and pickling N E1, E2, E6 W1
D.8 Smoking S1, S3 E1 N
D.9 Hardening S1 E1, E2, E4 W5
D.10 Sulphitation S6 N N
D.11 Carbonatation
S1, S4, S5,
S6, S7
N W3
D.12 Carbonation S4 N N
D.13 Coating/spraying/enrobing/agglomeration/
S1 E1, E2, E4 W1, W2
encapsulation
D.14 Ageing S1, S3
E. Heat processing
E1,E2 W1, W6
E.1 Melting S1 E1, E2, E4 W1, W2
E.2 Blanching S1 E1, E2, E6 W1
E.3 Cooking and boiling S1, S3 E1, E2, E4, E5, E6 W1
E.4 Baking
S1, S2, S3,
S4
E1, E2, E4 W1
E.5 Roasting
S1, S2, S3,
N W1
S4, S5
E.6 Frying S1, S3 E1, E2, E3, E4 W1, W2
E.7 Tempering N E1,E2 N
E.8 Pasteurisation, sterilisation and UHT N E1, E2 W1
F.1 Evaporation (liquid to liquid)
F. Concentration by heat
S1, S2 E1, E2, E5 N
F.2 Drying (liquid to solid) S1, S2 E1, E2 W1
F.3 Dehydration (solid to solid) S1, S2 E1, E2 W1
G. Processing by removal of heat
G.1 Cooling, chilling and cold stabilisation S4 M N
G.2 Freezing S4, S7 N N
Cryoextraction N E1 W1, W3
Concentration by cold N E1 N
G.3 Freeze-drying/lyophilisation N E2 N
H.1 Packing and filling
H. Post processing operations
S2 E1, E2 W1, W6
H.2 Gas flushing and storage under gas S4
U. Utility processes
N N
U.1 Cleaning and disinfection N E1, E2, E3, E4, E5 N
U.2 Energy generation and consumption
S2, S4, S5,
N N
Boiler blowdown N E5 N
U.3 Water use
Demineralisation plant N E1, E2, E3, E5 W1, W3
U.4 Vacuum generation S1 E1 N
U.5 Refrigeration S7 E5 N
U.6 Compressed air generation N N N
Table 3.4: Environmental impacts of the FDM unit operations
[1, CIAA, 2002]
122 January 2006 RHC/EIPPCB/FDM_BREF_FINAL
S6