Integrierte Vermeidung und Verminderung der Umweltverschmutzung

Chapter 2
Condensers of refrigeration equipment can be divided into three types. In air-cooled condensers,
the refrigerant goes through fin elements, around which the cooling air circulates. Water-cooled
condensers operate by circulating cooling water inside the tubes. This condenses the refrigerant
on the external tube surface. The water-cooled condenser is cooled according to the water oncethrough
system or with water which circulates over a cooling tower. The most common type of
water-cooled condenser is the tube condenser. Finally, the evaporation condenser is a
combination of an air-cooled condenser and a cooling tower. Water evaporates at the surface of
the condenser.
2.1.9.6 Compressed air generation (U.6)
2.1.9.6.1 Objective
Compressed air is generated to run simple air tools, e.g. for pneumatic transfer, or for more
complicated tasks such as the operation of pneumatic controls.
2.1.9.6.2 Field of application
Widely used in the FDM sector, e.g. on manufacturing and packaging lines.
2.1.9.6.3 Description of techniques
Oil-free compressed air is required in the FDM sector. The air used has to be of food quality.
This is achieved by passing it through several filters at the outlet of the compressor.
2.2 The application of unit operations in the FDM sector
Providing a detailed description of every process applied in the FDM sector is beyond the scope
of this document, which is why only the most common processing techniques applied were
described in the previous section. The use of these unit operations in some of the sectors is
summarised in Table 2.6.
The major processes in some FDM sectors are described in the following sections. The intention
is to provide a degree of information rather than to give every detail about the processes.
58 January 2006 RHC/EIPPCB/FDM_BREF_FINAL