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394(4) Douglas H. Erwin 810 und James W. Valentine 811 (2013):The Cambrian Explosion:The Construction of Animal Diversity.Roberts and Company Publishers, Englewood, Co.Seiten 9 und 10 812 :“As geologists, we view this tension as a debate over the extent to which uniformitarian explanationscan be applied to understand the Cambrian explosion. Uniformitarianism is often described as theconcept, most forcefully advocated by Charles Lyell in his Principles of Geology, that "the present is thekey to the past" (Lyell 1830). Lyell argued that study of geological processes operating today provides themost scientific approach to understanding past geological events. Uniformitarianism has two components.Methodological uniformitarianism is simply the uncontroversial assumption that scientific laws areinvariant through time and space. This concept is so fundamental to all sciences that it generally goesunremarked. Lyell, though, also made a further claim about substantive uniformitarianism: that the ratesand processes of geological change have been invariant through time (Gould 1965). Few of Lyell'scontemporaries agreed with him (Rudwick 2008). Today, geologists recognize that the rates ofgeological processes have varied considerably through the history of Earth and that many processeshave operated in the past that may not be readily studied today.The nature of appropriate explanations is particularly evident in the final theme of the book: theimplications that the Cambrian explosion has for understanding evolution and, in particular, for thedichotomy between microevolution and macroevolution. If our theoretical notions do not explain thefossil patterns or are contradicted by them, the theory is either incorrect or is applicable only to specialcases. Stephen Jay Gould employed the animals of the Burgess Shale and the early Cambrian radiation inhis book Wonderful Life (Gould 1989) to advance his own view of evolutionary change. Gould arguedpersuasively for the importance of contingency - dependence on preceding events - in the history of life.Many other evolutionary biologists have also addressed issues raised by these events. One importantconcern has been whether the microevolutionary patterns commonly studied in modern organisms byevolutionary biologists are sufficient to understand and explain the events of the Cambrian or whetherevolutionary theory needs to be expanded to include a more diverse set of macroevolutionary processes.We strongly hold to the latter position.“Der Geologe und Jurist Casey Luskin kommentiert sehr treffend 813 :“What are they saying? They make it clear, especially in the last couple of sentences, that they think"microevolutionary processes" are not "sufficient to understand and explain the events of the Cambrian."Indeed, they later argue that microevolutionary processes are not sufficient to explain macroevolutionaryones, as they state: "the move from micro to macro forms a discontinuity." (p. 11)(5) John Mattick 814 and Marcel E. Dinger 815 (2013):The extent of functionality in the human genomeThe HUGO Journal (a SpringerOpen Journal 816 )Seite 1: “We argue that the extent of precise dynamic and differential cell- and tissue-specifictranscription and splicing observed from the majority of the human genome is a more reliable indicator ofgenetic function than conservation, although the unexpectedly large amount of regulatory RNA presents aconceptual challenge to the traditional protein-centric view of human genetic programming. Finally, wesuggest that resistance to these findings is further motivated in some quarters by the use of thedubious concept of junk DNA as evidence against intelligent design.“Seite 3: Where tested, the “noncoding RNAs usually show evidence of biological function in differentdevelopmental and disease contexts, with, by our estimate, hundreds of validated cases already publishedand many more en route, which is a big enough subset to draw broader conclusions about the likely810 http://www.santafe.edu/media/staff_cvs/DHE_RESUME.pdf (Zugriff 7. August 2013)811 http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_W._Valentine (7. August 2013)812 http://www.roberts-publishers.com/media/EV_1.pdf813 Siehe weiter seine Ausführungen unter http://www.evolutionnews.org/2013/06/erwin_valentine_cambrian_explosion073671.html814 Zu Mattick siehe: http://www.garvan.org.au/about-us/our-people/professor-john-mattick815 Und zu Dinger: http://www.epernicus.com/med (Mattick und Dinger sind keine ID-Befürworter.)816 http://www.thehugojournal.com/content/pdf/1877-6566-7-2.pdf (Zugriffe zu den letzten 3 Quellen: 11. August 2013.)