Unser Haushund: Eine Spitzmaus im Wolfspelz? - Wolf-Ekkehard ...

379Und einige Überlegungen von Charles R. Stockard (1941): TheGenetic and Endocrinic Basis for Differences in Formand Behavior: As Elucidated by Studies of contrastedPure-Line Dog Breed and Their Hybrids. With SpecialContributions on Behavior by O. D. Anderson and W. T.James. The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology(1941, pp. 9, 12/13): 770"No other species of mammals presents such wide diversities in structural type and general behavior as are shownamong the breeds of domestic dogs. More than 100 [350] separate breeds now exist. The exhibits in kennel shows inAmerica and the European countries bring together most remarkable examples of structural deviations from a wild orancestral dog type. These deviations involve, in the first place, the size of the individual, as illustrated by the tiny midgetChihuahua of less than 1 kilogram adult weight, as well as the Pomeranians, sleeve Pekingese, midget pinchers andothers almost equally tiny. Such toy breeds are contrasted with the gigantic great Danes, St. Bernards and Irishwolfhounds, the largest specimens of which weigh nearly 100 kilograms. In other words, adult dogs at opposite ends ofthe size scale differ in weight by 100 times. Equally striking contrasts are seen in head shapes, from the round head withflat muzzle of the Brussels griffon, the pug and the bulldog, to the long, slender muzzle and head of the ancient Saluki andgreyhounds. Body shapes and proportions range from short, stocky and rounded to long and tapering and, further, to apeculiarly emaciated thinness. The legs are extremely long in the wolfhound, long and very slender in the greyhound, andlong and strong in the great Dane and shepherd dogs, while they are short and strong in other hounds, still shorter butstraight and stocky in the bulldogs and finally extremely short, bent and twisted in posture in the dachshund, bassethound,Pekingese and others. In the latter breeds, the long bodies may actually at times drag on the ground. Tails also differgreatly among dog breeds, from the long, slender and straight tails of the pointers, setters and foxhounds, to the heavy,short and curled tails of the huskies, chows and Pomeranians, still further to the even shorter and tightly curled tail of thepugs, and finally to the short, bent and deformed screw-tail of the bulldogs.”"Resemblances of growth deviations in man to the modified forms in dog breeds."A knowledge of the dog races from the biological and medical points of view 771 impresses one with the fact thatmany of these breeds are characterized by peculiarities of type and structural modifications comparable in close detail tocertain unusual and so-called pathologic conditions found among other mammals, particularly in human families. Thehuman giant, for example, may be a well proportioned, overgrown individual, in type and form entirely comparable to thegiant Irish wolfhound or the great Dane dog. In addition to these well proportioned giants are others showing an excessiveheaviness of skin and facial features as well as a disproportionately heavy lower jaw and overlarge hands and feet. Suchcharacteristics constitute well recognized symptoms of the distortion known as acromegaly Pierre Marie (1889) firstrecognized that acromegaly in human beings is closely correlated with abnormality and degeneration of the pituitarygland. It is now generally thought to result directly from pituitary disease. Several breeds of dogs constantly exhibitacromegalic patterns, and are bred true for this peculiarity. Both the giant St. Bernard breed and the bloodhoundshow most exaggerated acromegalic characteristics, having heavy overgrowth of bone and skin along with thefunctional deficiencies. The large Newfoundland dog is acromegalic to a lesser degree. The members of theseacromegalic breeds frequently show considerable modification in the histology of their pituitary glands and distortions oftheir reproductive processes — characteristics which will be fully considered in following chapters.In human beings of ordinary size, acromegalic tendencies with overgrowths are clearly shown at times as anaccompaniment of age degeneration in the pituitary. Occasionally similar conditions appeal - in the normal sized youngperson, taking the form of unusually large and chubby hands and feet and thickened and furrowed facial features. Amongdogs, the bloodhound, although only slightly if at all larger than the wild ancestral types, has developed a mostexaggerated acromegaly of the skin, accompanied by heavy bones and large feet. The skin overgrowth is often morepronounced in the bloodhound than in the acromegalic giant St. Bernard dog. These dogs present many of thephysiological symptoms which characterize the human acromegalic, and their voice, postures and behavior are similar tothose of their human prototype to an almost uncanny degree.” [Siehe zur Acromegalie den Nachtrag zu Chahal et al.2011.]Die Hormontheorie von Charles Stockard und Richard Goldschmidt hat sich770 Aus: http://wwww.archive.org/stream/geneticendocrini00stoc/geneticendocrini00stoc_djvu.txt (Zugriff am 30. 9. 2012.)771 Stockard: "[…] born in Washington County […] 1979; died in New York City April7, 1939 […] Ph.D from Columbia University, New YorkCity, in 1906; and D.Sc. from the University of Cincinnati in 1920; graduated in medicine from the University of Würzburg, Bavaria, in1922 […] Dr. Stockard […] becoming professor of anatomy in 1911, a position he held until his death.”http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1911405/pdf/bullnyacadmed00591-0068a.pdf. Ein Tierfreund wird (zumindest) zu einem Teil derin diesem Werk beschriebenen Versuche schwerste Bedenken anmelden. Wir stehen damit wieder vor dem Dilemma, welches ich an andererStelle schon erwähnt habe: http://www.weloennig.de/AesIV4.html (unten: "Anmerkung zu Seite 271"; dort auch kurz Tierversuche erwähnt),sowie http://www.weloennig.de/LaryngealNerve.pdf: dort die ausführliche Fußnote 7, Seite 10.