Unser Haushund: Eine Spitzmaus im Wolfspelz? - Wolf-Ekkehard ...

vor 536288und wird auf alle nur möglichen Strukturen angewandt). Ein paar weitereBeispiele mögen genügen (pp. 6, 18, 22, 25, 147, 152, 155, 165):"The subfamily Hesperocyoninae includes the oldest and most primitive members of the Canidae. It has ageological range from Late Eocene (Duchesnean) to Middle Miocene (Early Barstovian), lasting more than20 million years.”"The presence of a fully ossified entotympanic bulla in Prohesperocyon along with other basicranialfeatures suggest that it belongs to the canid clade; its dental characters, however, remain primitivelysimilar to some Miacis.”"The P4 has a large protocone that protrudes in front of the anterior border of the paracone, a primitivecharacter seen in most miacids.”"The outline of M l is more like Miacis than Hesperocyon; this primitiveness is mainly reflected in itslarge, transversely oriented parastyle, which displaces the protocone toward the lingual side, and in itsnarrow, crestlike internal cingulum in contrast to a more swollen cingulum in Hesperocyon.”"The trigonid is also rather broad because of a labially swollen protoconid, a primitive character presentin all Miacis.”"Prohesperocyon wilsoni is by far the most primitive fossil canid,...”"The primitive morphology of Prohesperocyon, that is, close to the cynoid-arctoid dichotomy (seeWang and Tedford, 1994), is not far divergent from such primitive musteloid as Mustelavus from the WhiteRiver Group of the northern Great Plains.”"Characters that can be observed on UW 10251 are all so derived from the primitive hesperocyonineplan that homologies are difficult to establish.”"The metaconid becomes a small bud at the lingual base ofthe protoconid and has a blunt, low tip insteadof the sharp, high tip of most primitive hesperocyonines.”"From the primitive condition of a relatively short rostrum in Hesperocyon and Miacis, the snoutbecame elongated in Prohesperocyon and advanced Osbornodon.”"Reflecting on the conservative nature of the primitive hesperocyonines, the species level phylogenyshown in figure 64 is poorly resolved near the base of the tree.”Die evolutionstheoretische Wertung "primitive”, als Adverb "primitively” oderSubstantiv "primitiveness" zieht sich durch die gesamte Arbeit von Wang undTedford, sowohl in längeren Beiträgen (Wang und Tedford 1994: 54 Mal 537 ,Tedford, Wang und Taylor 2009: 120 Mal) als auch in kürzeren (Wang et al. 2004:4 Mal, Wang und Tedford 2007: 8 Mal, Wang und Barnes 2008: 9 Mal usw.).Der Gebrauch des Begriffs "primitive" in allen seinen Formen (Adjektiv, Adverb,Substantiv) ist jedoch selbst in der heutigen Evolutionstheorie und Phylogenetikstark umstritten. Nach einem ersten vorläufigen Versuch 538 fahren dieuneingeschränkt evolutionsbiologisch orientierten Autoren zur Thematik Problemsin formulating definitive meanings for the term fort ("Primitive (phylogenetics)"):"Depending on context and the discipline under discussion, the term primitive has several meanings, andthey are not clearly distinct. Even in the field of phylogeny it is a difficult concept to deal withunambiguously.Aspects related to ancestry and adaptation. In the field of evolution, primitive, when used as adescriptive term, is at its least disputable when applied to ancient species that had not yet undergoneselective adaptation that later would cause their descendants to develop functional capabilities of interest incontext.”Worauf die Anwendung des Begriffs auf Bakterien in Relation zu Eukaryontenund viele weitere Beispiele und Ansätze folgen inklusive Aspects related toancestry and adaptation 539 , Aspects related to simplicity and complexity, Aspects536 2 Mal davon in den Titeln des Literaturverzeichnisses.537 3 Mal davon in Titeln des Literaturverzeichnisses.538 "Primitive in the sense most relevant to phylogenetics means resembling the first living things and in particular resembling them in the simple nature oftheir anatomy and behaviour.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primitive_(phylogenetics) (Zugriff 11. 4. 2013)539 Um wenigsten ein Beispiel wiederzugeben:: "On a macroscopic scale, there is no substantial doubt that for example, the most recent common ancestorsof the Thysanura (silverfish etc.) and the Ephemeroptera (mayflies) were wingless, and that those wingless ancestors had no winged ancestors in