Unser Haushund: Eine Spitzmaus im Wolfspelz? - Wolf-Ekkehard ...

106law of homologous series in the inheritance of variability (1935) 178 .Wir lesen in der Wikipedia (wieder als Beispiel einer vom generellen Publikumhäufig zu Rate gezogenen Quelle aus der Sekundärliteratur) 179 :"There are many records of domesticated red foxes [see photo below, right] and others, but rarely of sustaineddomestication. A recent and notable case is the Russian silver fox [photo left], or domesticated silver fox, since itresulted in visible and behavioral changes, and is a case study of an animal population modeling according to humandomestication needs. The current group of domesticated silver foxes are the result of nearly fifty years 180 ofexperiments in the Soviet Union and Russia to domesticate the silver morph of the red fox. Notably, the new foxesbecame more tame, allowing themselves to be petted, whimpering to get attention and sniffing and lickingtheir caretakers.[17] They also became more dog-like as well: they lost their distinctive musky "fox smell",became more friendly with humans, put their ears down (like dogs), wagged their tails when happy and began tovocalize and bark like domesticated dogs. They also began to exhibit other traits seen in some dog breeds, such ascolor pattern, curled tails, floppy ears, and shorter legs and tails.[17] They are also more likely to have piebaldcoats, and will almost always have a white spot on the chest or face. The breeding project was set up by the Sovietscientist Dmitri K. Belyaev."Links: Silberfuchs aus: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domesticated_silver_foxRechts: "Tame red fox with man in Kent” by Duncan Hall. Aus: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_fox#Taming_and_domestication.Zugriff (beide) 12. September 2012.So sehr ich diese rekurrente und homologe Parallelvariation als weitereBestätigung der oben genannten Gesetze auch schätze – so möchte ich doch imFolgenden sowohl auf die Stärken als auch auf die Schwächen dieser ohne Zweifelbeeindruckenden Parallelvariation zu sprechen kommen, und beim ThemaMakroevolution (Aufbau komplexer neuer Information) nicht zuletzt auch wiederan den Abbau von Funktionen und Strukturen (Degeneration) erinnern, die auchdieses Beispiel völlig unbrauchbar als Beweis für die Makroevolution machen 181 .Dawkins behauptet hingegen (2009/2010, p. 73):"We can get an idea of how tameness, or anything else, can be sculpted – naturally or artificially – by looking at afascinating experiment of modern times, on the domestication of Russian silver foxes for use in the fur trade. It is178 Siehe dazu z. B.: http://www.weloennig.de/VavilovLawofVariation.pdf. Vavilov: "In Pangenesis and Mutationstheorie, we find many factssignifying the existence of parallel variation. "Suchen wir in irgendeiner Flora," writes de Vries in Mutationstheorie, p. 454, "diese abgeleitetenVarietäten zusammen, so fällt sofort auf, dass dieselbe Abweichung in der verschiedensten Familien, Gattungen, und Arten wiederkehrt. Überallbilden die Varietaten Reihen von parallelen Formen." Mutationstheorie, I. p. 454.” Oder noch einmal Vavilov: "So far as we know, this kind ofvariation is not "occasional," as Darwin supposed it to be, but quite general…the detailed study of hundreds of Linnean species belonging todifferent families shows that there are no plants which are an exception to this rule. Therefore, we may conclude that, in general, closely alliedLinnean species are characterized by similar and parallel series of varieties…” (Italics by Vavilov 1922, pp. 57/58).179http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox#Domestication (12. September 2012)180 Inzwischen mehr als 50 Jahre, das Experiment begann, wie gesagt nach Trut 1959.181 Für die es seitens der Experimentatoren, zumindest anfangs, ohnehin nicht gedacht war. Vgl. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domesticated_silver_fox:"The experiment was initiated by scientists who were interested in the topic of domestication and the process by which wolves becametame domesticated dogs.” Andererseits folgen die Autoren dem Trend des Zeitgeistes, wenn sie undifferenziert von Evolution sprechen, z. B.:Trut, Oskina, and Kharlamova (2009): Animal evolution during domestication: the domesticated fox as a model. Bioessays 31: 349-360.