298 94 307/02 Untersuchungen zum Stand der Umsetzung des ...
Teilen Einbetten Melden
ePaper herunterladen

298 94 307/02 Untersuchungen zum Stand der Umsetzung des ...

298 94 307/02 Untersuchungen zum Stand der Umsetzung des ... 298 94 307/02 Untersuchungen zum Stand der Umsetzung des ...

bvt.umweltbundesamt.de
von bvt.umweltbundesamt.de Mehr von diesem Publisher
03.12.2012 Aufrufe

Driving force for implementation Example plants Teil 3 Seite 10-5 The results of such a practical test in series production at an automobile plant are illus- trated in Figure 10-3 Ausschleppung über den Schleifschlamm 70 % Vergleichsöl 40 % Ester Ausschleppung über die Werkstücke 0,61 g 0,34 g Durchschnittliche Standzahl N der 4423 5672 Durchschnittliche Werkstückrauhtiefe R im Versuchszeitraum Schleifscheiben z 5,86 µm 5,47 µm Freiformschleifen CBN, galv. gebunden Kugelnabe Kugellauffläche CF 53 v c = 80 m/s 3 Q' = 2,5 mm / mm s w Öl © 256-46-07 Ester B7 Figure 10-3 Comparison of mineral oil and ester based cooling lubricants in series produc- Through the results relating to the life-span of grinding disks, as well as the drag-out through the work pieces and grits and grinds, the technological advantages of the newly developed cooling lubricants become clear. Through the increase in the life-span of grind- ing disks, fewer grinding disks are used, lower drag-out leads to lower cost-intensive re- placement of cooling lubricant, and additionally the disposable volume of grits and grinds is drastically reduced. Reference literature Institut für Werkzeugmaschinen und Fertigungstechnik, TU Braunschweig Kühlschmierstoff aus tierischen Fetten Förderprojekt der Deutschen Bundesstiftung Umwelt: Kühlschmierstoffe aus technischen Tierfetten tion 10.2 Burning in the fluidisation bed (AT3535005) Description In terms of the utilisation of fuels of differing consistency and heating values, a station- ary, atmospheric fluidised bed presents itself. The fluidisation bed oven has a round, oval or angular diameter and narrows towards the ground in its rear portion. A steel casing with fire-proof brick walls surrounds the fluidised bed, the combustion chamber and the post-

Teil 3 Seite 10-6 combustion chamber; the lower boundary is formed by the air diffuser. Swirling air, which at the same time serves as incineration air, flows through the fluidisation bed mass in an upward direction. At a certain air velocity, the individual particles of the layer lift from one another somewhat. Through the air stream and the resultant turbulence, these are placed into irregular and undirected motion and bump and rub against one another in rapid suc- cession. During this process, the layer mass is intensively and evenly mixed and in the process achieves an exchange of material and heat that is characteristic and practically ideal in terms of the fluidised bed. The heating of the oven takes place through natural gas or heating oil that is ignited in the swirl chamber by means of start-up burners or heat the turbulent air in a pre-incineration chamber. After reaching the ignition temperature, addi- tional fuel can be introduced directly into the hot fluidised bed through lances. The fuel is introduced directly into the hot fluidisation bed through helixes, where it is liberated through sudden heating, dried and then comminuted by the turbulent particles. The com- bustible components are gasified through the intense heat transfer and already largely burn up in the fluidisation bed. The expansion of the combustion chamber upwards guar- antees that only tiny small-grained solid matter particles can be discharged. Above the fluidisation bed, secondary air is injected through nozzles, which ensures that even the last remaining combustible components are incinerated at a temperature of at least 850 degrees C. Using animal meal as an example fuel, it can be shown that at an assumed heating value fluctuation range of 17 to 21 MJ/kg, a thermal load range of approx. 9-12 MW and a throughput performance of 1.550 to 2.550 kg/h can be attained. If, in the same fluidisation bed oven on which the incineration performance diagram was based, raw material is incinerated, a throughput performance of 2.500 – 7.500 kg/h of raw material and a thermal output of 4,8 – 9,7 MW is attained in this fluidisation bed oven. At a fixed thermal output, the throughput performance is determined by the heating value of the fuel, so that the maximum throughput is attained at the lowest fuel heating value of 4MJ/kg, whereas the highest heating value corresponds to the lowest throughput per- formance. Achieved environmental benefits Cross media effects Operational data Applicability Economics Which plant setting represents the most economical and sensible solution is strongly in- fluenced by local factors (supply volume, transportation routes etc.) In the following table, only a few important economic criteria are therefore contrasted. A comprehensive plant is in each case assumed. Location dependent inflow volumes are not taken into account here. For the purposes of simplification, a raw material volume of 100.000 t/a and a corre- sponding volume of animal meal of 20.000 t/a is assumed in the following illustration. Raw material incineration Animal meal incineration Basis 100.000 t/a raw material 20.000 t/a animal meal

Driving force for implementation<br />

Example plants<br />

Teil 3 Seite 10-5<br />

The results of such a practical test in series production at an automobile plant are illus-<br />

trated in Figure 10-3<br />

Ausschleppung<br />

über den<br />

Schleifschlamm<br />

70 %<br />

Vergleichsöl<br />

40 %<br />

Ester<br />

Ausschleppung<br />

über die<br />

Werkstücke<br />

0,61 g<br />

0,34 g<br />

Durchschnittliche<br />

<strong>Stand</strong>zahl N <strong>der</strong><br />

4423<br />

5672<br />

Durchschnittliche<br />

Werkstückrauhtiefe<br />

R im<br />

Versuchszeitraum<br />

Schleifscheiben z<br />

5,86 µm<br />

5,47 µm<br />

Freiformschleifen<br />

CBN, galv. gebunden<br />

Kugelnabe<br />

Kugellauffläche<br />

CF 53<br />

v c = 80 m/s<br />

3<br />

Q' = 2,5 mm / mm s<br />

w<br />

Öl<br />

© 256-46-07<br />

Ester B7<br />

Figure 10-3 Comparison of mineral oil and ester based cooling lubricants in series produc-<br />

Through the results relating to the life-span of grinding disks, as well as the drag-out<br />

through the work pieces and grits and grinds, the technological advantages of the newly<br />

developed cooling lubricants become clear. Through the increase in the life-span of grind-<br />

ing disks, fewer grinding disks are used, lower drag-out leads to lower cost-intensive re-<br />

placement of cooling lubricant, and additionally the disposable volume of grits and grinds<br />

is drastically reduced.<br />

Reference literature<br />

Institut für Werkzeugmaschinen und Fertigungstechnik, TU Braunschweig<br />

Kühlschmierstoff aus tierischen Fetten<br />

För<strong>der</strong>projekt <strong>der</strong> Deutschen Bun<strong>des</strong>stiftung Umwelt: Kühlschmierstoffe aus technischen<br />

Tierfetten<br />

tion<br />

10.2 Burning in the fluidisation bed (AT3535005)<br />

Description<br />

In terms of the utilisation of fuels of differing consistency and heating values, a station-<br />

ary, atmospheric fluidised bed presents itself. The fluidisation bed oven has a round, oval<br />

or angular diameter and narrows towards the ground in its rear portion. A steel casing with<br />

fire-proof brick walls surrounds the fluidised bed, the combustion chamber and the post-

logo

Produkte

Ressourcen

Unternehmen

AGB
Datenschutzerklärung
Cookie-Richtlinien
Cookie-Einstellungen
Impressum
Change language
Made with love in Switzerland
© 2024 Yumpu.com all rights reserved

Hurra! Ihre Datei wurde hochgeladen und ist bereit für die Veröffentlichung.

Erfolgreich gespeichert!

Leider ist etwas schief gelaufen!