298 94 307/02 Untersuchungen zum Stand der Umsetzung des ...
298 94 307/02 Untersuchungen zum Stand der Umsetzung des ... 298 94 307/02 Untersuchungen zum Stand der Umsetzung des ...
J Drying See description under 1 Limed bone process. 6 ACID HIDE PROCESS P Cutting See description under 5 Limed hide process. T Acid treatment See description under 1 Limed bone process. See description under 1 Limed bone process. I Sterilisation See description under 1 Limed bone process. V Alkali treatment Teil 3 Seite 6-23 Hydrochloric acid, or another acid, is added until the pH of the solution is 1 - 3. These conditions are kept for 24 – 48 hours, by adding more acid, if necessary. U Neutralisation The excess acid is removed by washing with water to reach a typical pH of 5.3 – 6.0, but a pH of 2.5 – 4.0 is also possible. E Extraction F Filtration G Ion exchange See description under 1 Limed bone process. H Concentration See description under 1 Limed bone process. See description under 1 Limed bone process. J Drying 7 SODIUM HYDROXIDE HIDE PROCESS P Cutting See description under 5 Limed hide process. NaOH solution is added to the washed hide splits, to a concentration of 0.6 - 1.4 %. The alkaline soak takes a minimum 10 days. During the process, the pH is approximately 12.5 or higher. Finally air is regularly blown through the solution. W Washing and acid treatment When the caustic treatment is finished, the raw material is washed in water until a pH of about 10 is achieved. An acid solution is then added to neutralise the solution. pH’s lower than the extraction pH is aimed for. X Neutralisation
Teil 3 Seite 6-24 The excess acid is removed by washing with water, until a slightly acid, but close to neu- tral pH of about 5.5 – 7.5, is reached. E Extraction See description under 1 Limed bone process. F Filtration See description under 1 Limed bone process. G Ion exchange See description under 1 Limed bone process. H Concentration See description under 1 Limed bone process. I Sterilisation See description under 1 Limed bone process. J Drying See description under 1 Limed bone process. 8 PIG SKIN PROCESS The pig skins, whether they are fresh or frozen, contain a large amount fat. A typical ex- ample of the composition of a batch of pig skins is: water content 56 %, fat 25 %, protein 18 % and minerals 1 %. There are four treatment steps, before gelatine extraction. Y Cutting The pig skins are cut into pieces of about 10 x 10 cm, in a special cutting machine. Z Washing The pig skin pieces are washed in a tank, to remove external fat, before demineralisa- tion/acidulation. A1 Demineralisation/acidulation and rinsing The pig skin pieces are demineralised, in a tank, with dilute sulphuric acid or hydrochlo- ric acid to a pH of about 1.8, for at least 5 hours. The acid solution is then removed and the pig skin pieces are then rinsed. B1 Neutralisation and rinsing The tank is filled with an alkaline solution of e.g., ammonia, to neutralise the pig skin pieces. The solution is then removed and the neutralised pig skin are rinsed, to reach a pH suitable for extraction of the gelatine. The treated pig skins are then transferred to the extraction tanks E Extraction
- Seite 259 und 260: Teil 3 Seite 4-32 closed area can b
- Seite 261 und 262: Teil 3 Seite 4-34 coincides with th
- Seite 263 und 264: Teil 3 Seite 4-36 At a slaughterhou
- Seite 265 und 266: Age of sludge (tTS) Is this of spec
- Seite 267 und 268: Example plants Teil 3 Seite 4-40 Co
- Seite 269 und 270: BSB5 - load Bd (BSB ) NH4 -N - load
- Seite 271 und 272: Fe Fl Fe Fl P D MB Teil 3 Seite 4-4
- Seite 273 und 274: Teil 3 Seite 4-46 Parameters Unit M
- Seite 275 und 276: Teil 3 Seite 4-48 To optimise the m
- Seite 277 und 278: Driving force for implementation Ex
- Seite 279 und 280: Teil 3 Seite 4-52 Table 4-15 Dimens
- Seite 281 und 282: Teil 3 Seite 4-54 liquid fertiliser
- Seite 283 und 284: - No cross media effects Teil 3 Sei
- Seite 285 und 286: Teil 3 Seite 4-58 3. Filtermaterial
- Seite 287 und 288: Decomposition level Measure- Teil 3
- Seite 289 und 290: Teil 3 Seite 6-2 FAT/ HEAT TRANSFER
- Seite 291 und 292: Teil 3 Seite 6-4 Clarification plan
- Seite 293 und 294: Teil 3 Seite 6-6 ENERGY FAT/ HEAT C
- Seite 295 und 296: Teil 3 Seite 6-8 ENERGY/ STEAM INPU
- Seite 297 und 298: Teil 3 Seite 6-10 water if necessar
- Seite 299 und 300: Teil 3 Seite 6-12 - In- vessel comp
- Seite 301 und 302: Teil 3 Seite 6-14 For 1000 kg of de
- Seite 303 und 304: Teil 3 Seite 6-16 Liming is usually
- Seite 305 und 306: Teil 3 Seite 6-18 ceous earth filte
- Seite 307 und 308: See description under 1 Limed bone
- Seite 309: H Concentration See description und
- Seite 313 und 314: Teil 3 Seite 7-1 7 CURRENT CONSUMPT
- Seite 315 und 316: 7.1.1 Rendering 7.1.1.1 Water Teil
- Seite 317 und 318: Teil 3 Seite 7-5 - Cleaning wastewa
- Seite 319 und 320: Teil 3 Seite 7-7 Table 7-5 shows th
- Seite 321 und 322: 7.1.2 Fat melting 7.1.3 Fish meal a
- Seite 323 und 324: Teil 3 Seite 8-1 8 TECHNIQUES TO CO
- Seite 325 und 326: Reference literature Teil 3 Seite 8
- Seite 327 und 328: Teil 3 Seite 8-5 Corporate clarific
- Seite 329 und 330: Economics Driving force for impleme
- Seite 331 und 332: 8.1.9 Rubishes Teil 3 Seite 8-9 8.1
- Seite 333 und 334: Oberding animal carcass disposal pl
- Seite 335 und 336: Operational data Applicability Econ
- Seite 337 und 338: Teil 3 Seite 8-15 Corporate clarifi
- Seite 339 und 340: Driving force for implementation Ex
- Seite 341 und 342: Continuous sterilisation Teil 3 Sei
- Seite 343 und 344: Teil 3 Seite 8-21 through a system
- Seite 345 und 346: Cross media effects Operational dat
- Seite 347 und 348: Teil 3 Seite 8-25 The energy requir
- Seite 349 und 350: Teil 3 Seite 8-27 For the wastewate
- Seite 351 und 352: Teil 3 Seite 8-29 Corporate clarifi
- Seite 353 und 354: Driving force for implementation Ex
- Seite 355 und 356: Teil 3 Seite 8-33 Table 8-3: Perfor
- Seite 357 und 358: Teil 3 Seite 8-35 one often tries t
- Seite 359 und 360: Teil 3 Seite 8-37 storage rooms and
J Drying<br />
See <strong>des</strong>cription un<strong>der</strong> 1 Limed bone process.<br />
6 ACID HIDE PROCESS<br />
P Cutting<br />
See <strong>des</strong>cription un<strong>der</strong> 5 Limed hide process.<br />
T Acid treatment<br />
See <strong>des</strong>cription un<strong>der</strong> 1 Limed bone process.<br />
See <strong>des</strong>cription un<strong>der</strong> 1 Limed bone process.<br />
I Sterilisation<br />
See <strong>des</strong>cription un<strong>der</strong> 1 Limed bone process.<br />
V Alkali treatment<br />
Teil 3 Seite 6-23<br />
Hydrochloric acid, or another acid, is added until the pH of the solution is 1 - 3. These<br />
conditions are kept for 24 – 48 hours, by adding more acid, if necessary.<br />
U Neutralisation<br />
The excess acid is removed by washing with water to reach a typical pH of 5.3 – 6.0, but<br />
a pH of 2.5 – 4.0 is also possible.<br />
E Extraction<br />
F Filtration<br />
G Ion exchange<br />
See <strong>des</strong>cription un<strong>der</strong> 1 Limed bone process.<br />
H Concentration<br />
See <strong>des</strong>cription un<strong>der</strong> 1 Limed bone process.<br />
See <strong>des</strong>cription un<strong>der</strong> 1 Limed bone process.<br />
J Drying<br />
7 SODIUM HYDROXIDE HIDE PROCESS<br />
P Cutting<br />
See <strong>des</strong>cription un<strong>der</strong> 5 Limed hide process.<br />
NaOH solution is added to the washed hide splits, to a concentration of 0.6 - 1.4 %. The<br />
alkaline soak takes a minimum 10 days. During the process, the pH is approximately 12.5<br />
or higher. Finally air is regularly blown through the solution.<br />
W Washing and acid treatment<br />
When the caustic treatment is finished, the raw material is washed in water until a pH of<br />
about 10 is achieved. An acid solution is then added to neutralise the solution. pH’s lower<br />
than the extraction pH is aimed for.<br />
X Neutralisation
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