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Teil 3 Seite 4-49 The biogas from the waste water produces more energy than the waste water treatment by anaerobic systems uses. This technice produces with one kg COD 0,5 m³ biogas with a content of CH4 of 60 % The heating value of one m³ of biogas is about 6,4 kWh. Using a block heat and power plant you can use 35 % of the 6,4 KWh in electric energy and 55 % of the 6,4 KWh in heat enery. Driving force for implementation Significant removal of the COD in waste water with an overspill of energy. Example plants At least 2 rendering plants and one slaughterhouse in Germany. Reference literature [[163, German TWG Members, 2001, 244, Germany, 2002] 4.5.3.2.2 Anaerobic treatment (AT3535005) Description Simple preceding de-nitrification without additional technical effluent measures, as a rule, leads to incomplete nitrogen elimination in terms of the effluent of the meat flour in- dustry. During preceding de-nitrification, as is well known, the de-nitrification performance asymptotically approaches a maximal attainable degree of efficiency that lies in the region of 80 to 90%, in dependence on recycling conditions (internal cycle + sludge return cycle). This may for the one part be traced back to the hydraulic details and for the other to the possibility of oxygen re-circulation in the existence of too high an internal return stream. The achievable efficiency is therefore too low for animal carcass disposal plant effluent with initial concentrations that are in part >1.000 mg/l N. There is indeed a need for a very high nitrate return flow (return flow ratio RF > 4, e.g. 30 to 50). Higher return flow ratios are possible in terms of animal carcass disposal plant effluent, due to the high load, espe- cially when a high biomass concentration with TS >10g/l can additionally be set, but the danger of the re-circulation of too much oxygen then also exists. The possibility of preceding de-nitrification does, however, exist through the successive grouping of oxic and anoxic basins, through which the effluent flows in succession (exam- ple: Plattling animal carcass disposal plant). The process variation then closely resembles a quasi-simultaneous nitrification/de-nitrification process. Preceding de-nitrification can also be implemented as pressure biology with membrane filtration or combined with a physical-chemical nitrogen elimination process. Achieved environmental benefits Cross media effects Operational data Applicability Economics

Driving force for implementation Example plants Teil 3 Seite 4-50 Corporate clarification plant of the Kraftisried animal carcass disposal plant, 87647 Unterthingau Oberding animal carcass disposal plant, Germany Corporate clarification plant of the East Bavarian Meat Flour Association,94447 Plattling This clarification plant, which originally consisted of a triple cascaded oxygen aeration plant, was expanded in 1991. At the same time, a conversion from oxygen to air was car- ried out. The biological nitrification/de-nitrification consists of a sequence of anoxic and aerobic basins in series. At the Platting animal carcass disposal plant approx. 1.660 Mg of raw material/week (animal carcasses, slaughtering waste, blood and feathers) are processed. The specific effluent volume is 1 m 3 /Mg of raw material, so that, on an average basis, an effluent vol- ume of approx. 250 m 3 /d may be expected. After the mixing and equalisation basin (720 m 3 ), the effluent reaches preceding nitrifica- tion (550 m 3 ) via a sifting and flotation plant before it is channelled into an initial nitrifica- tion stage (416 m 3 ). A further de-nitrification basin with a volume of 208 m 3 follows. The former oxygen aeration plant (1275 m 3 ) serves as a subsequent aerobic stage. For the purposes of final de-nitrification, a further small anoxic basin (25 m 3 ) follows (Figure 4-8). The VD:VBB ratio is therefore 0,35 at a total volume of VBB = 2474 m 3 . It is, however, deci- sive for the operation of the plant that the cascades of the former oxygen aeration plant can be operated differentially – anoxically or aerobically. For this purpose, the plant is regulated in accordance with the ammonia content during the first cascade process. S 50% N NK Fe MB ) Fl A DN N DN or DN DN PS 50% Q RS +Q RI Fe Fat separator DN De-nitrification MB Mixing and equalising basin N Nitrification Control S Cylindrical sieve NK Final treatment basin Fl Flotation PS Primary sludge ÜS A Anaerobic reactor Q RS +Q RI Flow of return sludge + internal cycle Excess sludge Figure 4-8 Flow diagram of the Plattling animal carcass disposal plant clarification plant ÜS

Driving force for implementation<br />

Example plants<br />

Teil 3 Seite 4-50<br />

Corporate clarification plant of the Kraftisried animal carcass disposal plant, 87647<br />

Unterthingau<br />

Oberding animal carcass disposal plant, Germany<br />

Corporate clarification plant of the East Bavarian Meat Flour Association,<strong>94</strong>447 Plattling<br />

This clarification plant, which originally consisted of a triple cascaded oxygen aeration<br />

plant, was expanded in 1991. At the same time, a conversion from oxygen to air was car-<br />

ried out. The biological nitrification/de-nitrification consists of a sequence of anoxic and<br />

aerobic basins in series.<br />

At the Platting animal carcass disposal plant approx. 1.660 Mg of raw material/week<br />

(animal carcasses, slaughtering waste, blood and feathers) are processed. The specific<br />

effluent volume is 1 m 3 /Mg of raw material, so that, on an average basis, an effluent vol-<br />

ume of approx. 250 m 3 /d may be expected.<br />

After the mixing and equalisation basin (720 m 3 ), the effluent reaches preceding nitrifica-<br />

tion (550 m 3 ) via a sifting and flotation plant before it is channelled into an initial nitrifica-<br />

tion stage (416 m 3 ). A further de-nitrification basin with a volume of 208 m 3 follows. The<br />

former oxygen aeration plant (1275 m 3 ) serves as a subsequent aerobic stage. For the<br />

purposes of final de-nitrification, a further small anoxic basin (25 m 3 ) follows (Figure 4-8).<br />

The VD:VBB ratio is therefore 0,35 at a total volume of VBB = 2474 m 3 . It is, however, deci-<br />

sive for the operation of the plant that the casca<strong>des</strong> of the former oxygen aeration plant<br />

can be operated differentially – anoxically or aerobically. For this purpose, the plant is<br />

regulated in accordance with the ammonia content during the first cascade process.<br />

S 50%<br />

N NK<br />

Fe MB ) Fl A DN N DN or<br />

DN<br />

DN<br />

PS 50% Q RS +Q RI<br />

Fe Fat separator DN De-nitrification<br />

MB Mixing and equalising basin N Nitrification<br />

Control<br />

S Cylindrical sieve NK Final treatment basin<br />

Fl Flotation<br />

PS Primary sludge ÜS<br />

A Anaerobic reactor<br />

Q RS +Q RI Flow of return sludge<br />

+ internal cycle<br />

Excess sludge<br />

Figure 4-8 Flow diagram of the Plattling animal carcass disposal plant clarification plant<br />

ÜS

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