298 94 307/02 Untersuchungen zum Stand der Umsetzung des ...

298 94 307/02 Untersuchungen zum Stand der Umsetzung des ... 298 94 307/02 Untersuchungen zum Stand der Umsetzung des ...

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03.12.2012 Aufrufe

Teil 3 Seite III 2.1.2.2 Stunning and bleeding...................................................................................................... 2-7 2.1.2.3 Scalding............................................................................................................................ 2 -7 2.1.2.4 De-feathering.................................................................................................................... 2 -7 2.1.2.5 Evisceration...................................................................................................................... 2 -7 2.1.2.6 Cooling ............................................................................................................................. 2 -7 2.1.3 Slaughterhouse cleaning............................................................................................. 2-7 2.1.4 Storage and handling of slaughterhouse by-products................................................. 2-7 2.1.5 Slaughterhouse waste water treatment....................................................................... 2-7 3 CURRENT CONSUMPTION AND EMISSION LEVELS IN SLAUGHTERHOUSES............. 3-1 3.1 SLAUGHTERHOUSES .............................................................................................................. 3 -1 3.1.1 Slaughterhouses - overall consumption and emission data at installation level ......... 3-1 3.1.1.1 Air..................................................................................................................................... 3 -1 3.1.1.2 Water................................................................................................................................ 3-1 3.1.1.3 Soil ................................................................................................................................... 3 -5 3.1.1.4 Energy.............................................................................................................................. 3 -5 3.1.1.5 Odour ............................................................................................................................... 3-7 3.1.1.6 Noise and vibration........................................................................................................... 3 -7 3.1.1.7 Site restoration ................................................................................................................. 3 -7 3.1.2 Slaughter of large animals........................................................................................... 3-7 3.1.2.1 Lairage ............................................................................................................................. 3-7 3.1.2.2 Slaughter.......................................................................................................................... 3-7 3.1.2.3 Bleeding ........................................................................................................................... 3 -7 3.1.2.4 Hide removal from cattle and sheep (what about other animals?).................................... 3 -7 3.1.2.5 Head and hoof removal for cattle and sheep.................................................................... 3-7 3.1.2.6 Pig scalding...................................................................................................................... 3 -7 3.1.2.7 Pig hair and toenail removal............................................................................................. 3-7 3.1.2.8 Pig singeing...................................................................................................................... 3 -7 3.1.2.9 Evisceration...................................................................................................................... 3-7 3.1.2.10 Splitting ............................................................................................................................ 3 -7 3.1.2.11 Cooling ............................................................................................................................. 3 -7 3.1.3 Slaughter of poultry ..................................................................................................... 3-7 3.1.3.1 Delivery of birds................................................................................................................ 3 -7 3.1.3.2 Stunning and bleeding...................................................................................................... 3 -7 3.1.3.3 Scalding............................................................................................................................ 3-7 3.1.3.4 Plucking............................................................................................................................ 3 -8 3.1.3.5 Evisceration...................................................................................................................... 3 -8 3.1.3.6 Cooling ............................................................................................................................. 3 -8 3.1.4 Slaughterhouse cleaning............................................................................................. 3-8 3.1.5 Storage and handling of slaughterhouse by-products................................................. 3-8 3.1.6 Slaughterhouse waste water treatment....................................................................... 3-9 4 TECHNIQUES TO CONSIDER IN THE DETERMINATION OF BAT FOR SLAUGHTERHOUSES................................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1 SLAUGHTER OF LARGE ANIMALS.............................................................................................. 4-1 4.1.1 Animal reception and lairage....................................................................................... 4-2

Teil 3 Seite IV 4.1.2 Slaughter ..................................................................................................................... 4-2 4.1.3 Bleeding....................................................................................................................... 4-2 4.1.4 Hide removal from cattle and sheep............................................................................ 4-2 4.1.5 Head and hoof removal ............................................................................................... 4-2 4.1.6 Pig scalding ................................................................................................................. 4-2 4.1.6.1 Condensation scalding tunnel .......................................................................................... 4-2 4.1.7 Pig hair and toe-nail removal....................................................................................... 4-5 4.1.8 Pig singeing ................................................................................................................. 4-5 4.1.9 Evisceration ................................................................................................................. 4-6 4.1.10 Splitting.................................................................................................................... 4-6 4.1.11 Chilling - (but most refrigeration techniques may be covered in the F & M BREF) 4-6 4.1.11.1 Binary Ice as Cooling Fluid (Secondary Refrigerant)........................................................ 4 -6 4.1.11.2 Shock tunnel cooling ...................................................................................................... 4 -14 4.1.11.3 Water-spraying as cooling method ................................................................................. 4-15 4.2 SLAUGHTER OF POULTRY ..................................................................................................... 4-17 4.2.1 Delivery of birds......................................................................................................... 4-17 4.2.2 Stunning and bleeding............................................................................................... 4-17 4.2.3 Scalding..................................................................................................................... 4 -17 4.2.4 Plucking ..................................................................................................................... 4 -17 4.2.5 Evisceration ............................................................................................................... 4 -18 4.2.6 Chilling....................................................................................................................... 4-18 4.3 SLAUGHTERHOUSE CLEANING............................................................................................... 4-18 4.4 STORAGE AND HANDLING OF SLAUGHTERHOUSE BY-PRODUCTS.............................................. 4-19 4.4.1 Blood ......................................................................................................................... 4 -19 4.4.2 Fats............................................................................................................................ 4 -19 4.4.2.1 Fat sluge collector (AT3535005) .................................................................................... 4-19 4.4.3 Rumen contents ........................................................................................................ 4-20 4.4.4 Stomach and bowel contents .................................................................................... 4-20 4.4.5 Waste from the sheds................................................................................................ 4-21 4.4.6 Slaughter waste, slaughtering by-products, unfit meat, and metal parts .................. 4-21 4.4.7 Waste from poultry slaughtering................................................................................ 4-21 4.5 SLAUGHTERHOUSE WASTE WATER TREATMENT ..................................................................... 4-21 4.5.1 Mechanical treatment ................................................................................................ 4-22 4.5.1.1 Sieve implements and rakes .......................................................................................... 4-22 4.5.1.2 Equalisation plants ......................................................................................................... 4-22 4.5.1.3 Equalisation (AT3535005).............................................................................................. 4-22 4.5.1.4 Mechanical Treatment of the wastewater before equalisation (AT3535005).................. 4-23 4.5.1.5 Screen (gap of 10 to 20 mm) (AT3535005)................................................................... 4-23 4.5.2 Chemical/physical treatment ..................................................................................... 4 -25 4.5.2.1 Ammoniacal-N removal from rendering condensate by ammonia conversion................ 4-26 4.5.2.2 Fat separator .................................................................................................................. 4 -28 4.5.2.3 Use of fat separators (AT3535005) ................................................................................ 4-28 4.5.2.4 Floatation-plants............................................................................................................. 4 -29 4.5.2.5 Flotation (AT3535005).................................................................................................... 4-30 4.5.2.6 Chemical and physical techniques (AT3535005) ........................................................... 4 -32

Teil 3 Seite III<br />

2.1.2.2 Stunning and bleeding...................................................................................................... 2-7<br />

2.1.2.3 Scalding............................................................................................................................ 2 -7<br />

2.1.2.4 De-feathering.................................................................................................................... 2 -7<br />

2.1.2.5 Evisceration...................................................................................................................... 2 -7<br />

2.1.2.6 Cooling ............................................................................................................................. 2 -7<br />

2.1.3 Slaughterhouse cleaning............................................................................................. 2-7<br />

2.1.4 Storage and handling of slaughterhouse by-products................................................. 2-7<br />

2.1.5 Slaughterhouse waste water treatment....................................................................... 2-7<br />

3 CURRENT CONSUMPTION AND EMISSION LEVELS IN SLAUGHTERHOUSES............. 3-1<br />

3.1 SLAUGHTERHOUSES .............................................................................................................. 3 -1<br />

3.1.1 Slaughterhouses - overall consumption and emission data at installation level ......... 3-1<br />

3.1.1.1 Air..................................................................................................................................... 3 -1<br />

3.1.1.2 Water................................................................................................................................ 3-1<br />

3.1.1.3 Soil ................................................................................................................................... 3 -5<br />

3.1.1.4 Energy.............................................................................................................................. 3 -5<br />

3.1.1.5 Odour ............................................................................................................................... 3-7<br />

3.1.1.6 Noise and vibration........................................................................................................... 3 -7<br />

3.1.1.7 Site restoration ................................................................................................................. 3 -7<br />

3.1.2 Slaughter of large animals........................................................................................... 3-7<br />

3.1.2.1 Lairage ............................................................................................................................. 3-7<br />

3.1.2.2 Slaughter.......................................................................................................................... 3-7<br />

3.1.2.3 Bleeding ........................................................................................................................... 3 -7<br />

3.1.2.4 Hide removal from cattle and sheep (what about other animals?).................................... 3 -7<br />

3.1.2.5 Head and hoof removal for cattle and sheep.................................................................... 3-7<br />

3.1.2.6 Pig scalding...................................................................................................................... 3 -7<br />

3.1.2.7 Pig hair and toenail removal............................................................................................. 3-7<br />

3.1.2.8 Pig singeing...................................................................................................................... 3 -7<br />

3.1.2.9 Evisceration...................................................................................................................... 3-7<br />

3.1.2.10 Splitting ............................................................................................................................ 3 -7<br />

3.1.2.11 Cooling ............................................................................................................................. 3 -7<br />

3.1.3 Slaughter of poultry ..................................................................................................... 3-7<br />

3.1.3.1 Delivery of birds................................................................................................................ 3 -7<br />

3.1.3.2 Stunning and bleeding...................................................................................................... 3 -7<br />

3.1.3.3 Scalding............................................................................................................................ 3-7<br />

3.1.3.4 Plucking............................................................................................................................ 3 -8<br />

3.1.3.5 Evisceration...................................................................................................................... 3 -8<br />

3.1.3.6 Cooling ............................................................................................................................. 3 -8<br />

3.1.4 Slaughterhouse cleaning............................................................................................. 3-8<br />

3.1.5 Storage and handling of slaughterhouse by-products................................................. 3-8<br />

3.1.6 Slaughterhouse waste water treatment....................................................................... 3-9<br />

4 TECHNIQUES TO CONSIDER IN THE DETERMINATION OF BAT FOR<br />

SLAUGHTERHOUSES................................................................................................................... 4-1<br />

4.1 SLAUGHTER OF LARGE ANIMALS.............................................................................................. 4-1<br />

4.1.1 Animal reception and lairage.......................................................................................<br />

4-2

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