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Geschichte und Landeskunde

Geschichte und Landeskunde

Geschichte und Landeskunde

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Wissenschaft<br />

Gerhard Fouquet/Hans-Jörg Gilomen (Hg.)<br />

Netzwerke im europäischen Handel des<br />

Mittelalters<br />

Vorträge <strong>und</strong> Forschungen, Band 72<br />

Herausgegeben vom Konstanzer<br />

Arbeitskreis für mittelalterliche <strong>Geschichte</strong><br />

ca. 384 Seiten mit etwa 14 Abbildungen<br />

17 x 24 cm, geb<strong>und</strong>en mit Schutzumschlag<br />

ca. € 52,- / sFr 80,90<br />

ISBN 978-3-7995-6872-2<br />

WGS 1 550<br />

Sommer/Herbst 2010<br />

Frank Rexroth (Hg.)<br />

Beiträge zur Kulturgeschichte der<br />

Gelehrten im späten Mittelalter<br />

Vorträge <strong>und</strong> Forschungen, Band 73<br />

Herausgegeben vom Konstanzer Arbeitskreis<br />

für mittelalterliche <strong>Geschichte</strong><br />

ca. 384 Seiten mit etwa 17 Abbildungen<br />

17 x 24 cm, geb<strong>und</strong>en mit Schutzumschlag<br />

ca. € 54,- / sFr 84,90<br />

ISBN 978-3-7995-6873-9<br />

WGS 1 550<br />

Sommer/Herbst 2010<br />

Stefan Esders<br />

Die Formierung der Zensualität<br />

Zur kirchlichen Transformation des spätrömischen<br />

Patronatswesens im früheren<br />

Mittelalter<br />

Vorträge <strong>und</strong> Forschungen, Sonderband 54<br />

Herausgegeben vom Konstanzer<br />

Arbeitskreis für mittelalterliche <strong>Geschichte</strong><br />

ca. 128 Seiten<br />

17 x 24 cm, geb<strong>und</strong>en<br />

ca. € 24,90 / sFr 41,50<br />

ISBN 978-3-7995-6764-0<br />

WGS 1 550<br />

Sommer/Herbst 2010<br />

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An dem theoretischen Modell ›Netzwerk‹<br />

versuchte der ›Konstanzer Arbeitskreis für<br />

mittelalterliche <strong>Geschichte</strong>‹ auf der Frühjahrstagung<br />

2008 anhand ausgewählter<br />

Themen der europäischen Handelsgeschichte<br />

des Mittelalters die Chancen<br />

für eine Annäherung der beiden Wirtschaftsgeschichten,<br />

jener der Historiker<br />

<strong>und</strong> jener der Ökonomen, auszuloten.<br />

Die einzelnen Beiträge über die in der historischen<br />

Überlieferung vorfindbaren<br />

Netzwerke des mittelalterlichen Handels<br />

bündeln sich zu sechs Themenfeldern:<br />

die Definition von Netzwerken, die Entstehung<br />

<strong>und</strong> Entwicklung von Netzwerken,<br />

das Funktionieren von Netzwerken<br />

insbesondere mittels sanktionenbewehrten<br />

Vertrauens, die Vor- <strong>und</strong><br />

Nachteile von Netzwerken (vor allem<br />

bezüglich der Opportunitätskosten) im<br />

Vergleich zu hierarchisch strukturierten<br />

Handelskompagnien, die Grenzen <strong>und</strong><br />

schließlich der Zerfall von Netzwerken.<br />

Gelehrte zeichnen sich nicht nur durch<br />

das Wissen aus, über das sie verfügen,<br />

sondern ebenso durch besondere Arten zu<br />

denken, zu argumentieren <strong>und</strong> zu leben.<br />

Sie prägen einen eigenen Habitus aus, der<br />

ihnen in ihrer Umwelt gleichermaßen<br />

Respekt verschafft <strong>und</strong> Anlass zu Kritik<br />

bietet. Auch wenn es bereits in den Jahrh<strong>und</strong>erten<br />

zuvor durchaus gelehrte<br />

Einzelpersonen gab, erlangt der kulturelle<br />

Typus des Gelehrten mit dem Aufschwung<br />

der wissenschaftlichen Schulen während<br />

des 12. Jahrh<strong>und</strong>erts eine Bedeutung, die<br />

er vormals zuletzt in der Antike gehabt<br />

hatte. Der Konstanzer Arbeitskreis versammelte<br />

während einer seiner Tagungen<br />

die einschlägigen Experten der spätmittelalterlichen<br />

Gelehrtenkultur <strong>und</strong> legt<br />

nun einen Band vor, der die lebensweltliche<br />

Bedeutung des ›höheren‹ Wissens<br />

dokumentiert. Die Beiträge behandeln<br />

das literarische <strong>und</strong> ikonographische<br />

Bild von Gelehrten, ihr Familienleben,<br />

ihren Bücherbesitz <strong>und</strong> ihre Patronage-<br />

Strategien. Die Lebensentwürfe christlicher<br />

werden mit denen jüdischer <strong>und</strong><br />

muslimischer Gelehrter verglichen.<br />

Die mittelalterlichen Zensualen waren<br />

kirchliche Abhängige, die seit dem<br />

11. Jahrh<strong>und</strong>ert vielerorts ihre Freiheit<br />

erkämpften. Die Studie untersucht erstmalig<br />

die Formierung dieser Gruppe seit<br />

der Spätantike. Weil die frühmittelalterliche<br />

Kirche die Freilassung von Sklaven,<br />

wenn sie in der Kirche erfolgte, als religiöse<br />

Handlung deutete, durch welche die<br />

Patronatsrechte über die freigelassene<br />

Person dem Heiligen überschrieben wurden,<br />

bildete sich unter dessen Schutz die<br />

Zensualität als eigene Gruppe heraus. Da<br />

dieser Prozess vom Königtum ebenfalls<br />

gefördert wurde, wirft die Interpretation<br />

auch neues Licht auf die Kommunebewegung<br />

in den hochmittelalterlichen<br />

Bischofsstädten.<br />

---------------------------------------------<br />

Stefan Esders, Jg. 1963, ist Professor für<br />

die <strong>Geschichte</strong> der Spätantike <strong>und</strong> des<br />

Frühen Mittelalters an der Freien<br />

Universität Berlin.<br />

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