Ermüdung und Risikoverhalten - Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln
Ermüdung und Risikoverhalten - Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln Ermüdung und Risikoverhalten - Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln
Zusammenfassung / Summary Therefore, the first step of the present study was to develop two reality-oriented tools to measure physical risk acceptance in risk situations in the context of activity: the blind-jump-test and the video test “virtual jump”. The blind-jump-test centers on a realistic risk situation for the test person, whereas the risk situation in the video test “virtual jump” is obviously just virtual. In both tests the risk situation posed is a jump situation. The test person was to identify the maximum height which they would think it still safe to jump down from. The applicability of the tools described was tested in multiple independent examinations before they were used in the main experimental phase. The results point towards reliability and validity of the developed tools. Consequently, their use in the present research program was deemed possible. In the main experimental phase (second step) which followed, fatigue underwent a controlled variation and the situational risk acceptance before and after inducing fatigue was measured with the aforementioned tools. In summary one can say that the results of the main experiments offer hints to a coherence of physical and mental fatigue and situational risk acceptance, though the assumption of an increased risk acceptance under fatigue could not be verified. The results rather show that physical and mental strains lead to a decrease of situational risk acceptance in a virtual setting. In a real setting, physical fatigue did not influence risk acceptance. In accordance with the results in the virtual setting, mental fatigue leads to a decrease of willingness to take risks in the real setting as well. It can be assumed that the results of the reality oriented experiment in particular can be applied to everyday life. With regard to the overall results it can be said that the main factor triggering accidents is not only to be seen in a limitation of performance due to fatigue. Apparently, the situational risk acceptance of a person is also relevant. Mental fatigue seems to lead to more careful behavior in sports and activity as the situational willingness to take risks is decreased. Physical fatigue did not have a “protective” influence.
Gliederung I Gliederung Tabellenverzeichnis ............................................................................................. V Abbildungsverzeichnis ..................................................................................... VIII Einleitung.............................................................................................................. 1 1 Darstellung wesentlicher Grundannahmen.................................................... 7 2 Theoretischer Bezugsrahmen: Risiko und Ermüdung ................................ 12 2.1 Begriffsbestimmung Risiko....................................................................... 12 2.1.1 Risikoverhalten und Risikobereitschaft .................................................... 13 2.1.1.1 Risikoverhalten und Verhaltensentscheidungen ...........................................13 2.1.1.2 Risikobereitschaft und Bewertungsprozesse in Risikosituationen ...................23 2.1.2 Struktur von Risikosituationen im Sport ................................................... 33 2.1.3 Erfassung von Risikobereitschaft und Risikoverhalten ............................ 36 2.2 Begriffsbestimmung Ermüdung................................................................ 41 2.2.1 Aktivierungsprozesse und Ermüdung ...................................................... 41 2.2.2 Ermüdung durch physische und psychische Belastung........................... 47 2.2.3 Erfassung von Ermüdung ........................................................................ 54 2.3 Ermüdung und Risikobereitschaft............................................................ 58 3 Zusammenfassung der Grundlagen als Basis des Forschungsprogramms.................................................................................. 66 3.1 Überblick über die Grundlagen................................................................. 66 3.2 Vorstellung des Forschungsprogramms ................................................. 73 3.2.1 Formulierung der übergeordneten Forschungsfrage ............................... 73 3.2.2 Schritte des Forschungsprogramms ........................................................ 75
- Seite 1 und 2: Aus dem Psychologischen Institut de
- Seite 3 und 4: Eidesstattliche Erklärung Hierdurc
- Seite 5 und 6: Vorwort Im Verlauf der Promotion bi
- Seite 7: Zusammenfassung / Summary Ermüdung
- Seite 11 und 12: Gliederung III 4.4.2 Methodisches V
- Seite 13 und 14: Tabellenverzeichnis V Tabellenverze
- Seite 15 und 16: Tabellenverzeichnis VII Tabelle 40:
- Seite 17 und 18: Abbildungsverzeichnis IX Abbildung
- Seite 19 und 20: Einleitung 1 Einleitung Ermüdung z
- Seite 21 und 22: Einleitung 3 allgemein werden von d
- Seite 23 und 24: Einleitung 5 Daneben liegt aber auc
- Seite 25 und 26: Darstellung wesentlicher Grundannah
- Seite 27 und 28: Darstellung wesentlicher Grundannah
- Seite 29 und 30: Darstellung wesentlicher Grundannah
- Seite 31 und 32: Theoretischer Bezugsrahmen: Risiko
- Seite 33 und 34: Theoretischer Bezugsrahmen: Risiko
- Seite 35 und 36: Theoretischer Bezugsrahmen: Risiko
- Seite 37 und 38: Theoretischer Bezugsrahmen: Risiko
- Seite 39 und 40: Theoretischer Bezugsrahmen: Risiko
- Seite 41 und 42: Theoretischer Bezugsrahmen: Risiko
- Seite 43 und 44: Theoretischer Bezugsrahmen: Risiko
- Seite 45 und 46: Theoretischer Bezugsrahmen: Risiko
- Seite 47 und 48: Theoretischer Bezugsrahmen: Risiko
- Seite 49 und 50: Theoretischer Bezugsrahmen: Risiko
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- Seite 57 und 58: Theoretischer Bezugsrahmen: Risiko
Zusammenfassung / Summary<br />
Therefore, the first step of the present study was to develop two reality-oriented<br />
tools to measure physical risk acceptance in risk situations in the context of<br />
activity: the blind-jump-test and the video test “virtual jump”.<br />
The blind-jump-test centers on a realistic risk situation for the test person, whereas<br />
the risk situation in the video test “virtual jump” is obviously just virtual.<br />
In both tests the risk situation posed is a jump situation. The test person was to<br />
identify the maximum height which they would think it still safe to jump down from.<br />
The applicability of the tools described was tested in multiple independent<br />
examinations before they were used in the main experimental phase. The results<br />
point towards reliability and validity of the developed tools. Consequently, their use<br />
in the present research program was deemed possible.<br />
In the main experimental phase (second step) which followed, fatigue <strong>und</strong>erwent a<br />
controlled variation and the situational risk acceptance before and after inducing<br />
fatigue was measured with the aforementioned tools. In summary one can say that<br />
the results of the main experiments offer hints to a coherence of physical and<br />
mental fatigue and situational risk acceptance, though the assumption of an<br />
increased risk acceptance <strong>und</strong>er fatigue could not be verified. The results rather<br />
show that physical and mental strains lead to a decrease of situational risk<br />
acceptance in a virtual setting. In a real setting, physical fatigue did not influence<br />
risk acceptance. In accordance with the results in the virtual setting, mental fatigue<br />
leads to a decrease of willingness to take risks in the real setting as well.<br />
It can be assumed that the results of the reality oriented experiment in particular<br />
can be applied to everyday life. With regard to the overall results it can be said that<br />
the main factor triggering accidents is not only to be seen in a limitation of<br />
performance due to fatigue. Apparently, the situational risk acceptance of a person<br />
is also relevant. Mental fatigue seems to lead to more careful behavior in sports<br />
and activity as the situational willingness to take risks is decreased. Physical<br />
fatigue did not have a “protective” influence.
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