jahrbuch numismatik geldgeschichte - Bayerische Numismatische ...
jahrbuch numismatik geldgeschichte - Bayerische Numismatische ... jahrbuch numismatik geldgeschichte - Bayerische Numismatische ...
32 Peter F. Dorceycoinage. Accordingly, 281 is the terminus post quem for the new series atOdessos.The type is familiar to the numismatist: Alexander the Great appears onthe obverse in the guise of Herakles wearing the Nemean lion scalp; thereverse displays a seated Zeus enthroned between the legends BAEIAES2EAAEE,ANAPOY. At first the monogram for Odessos, or 0, appearseither below the deity's throne or in the left field. Later the monogram isexpanded to OAH, and in one instance to OAHEITQN. No pictorial Symbolwas used to indicate Odessos, unless the spear (?) on a reverse die of themoneyer acted as a mintmark (pl. 5, no. 3).From the beginning, officials' names appear in the field or exergue of thereverse. It is unclear whether these names represent moneyers, eponymouspriests4 or other local officials. We know almost nothing of Odessos' internalpolitical structure. The monograms or abbreviated names of these individualsappear consistently on silver until minting stopped sometimebefore 50, when Odessos was captured and destroyed by the Getae, providinga firm terminus ante quem for the city's Hellenistic coinage.The twenty-one magistrates who appear on the tetradrachm issue must befitted into a 231 year period beginning in 281.5 Obviously coinage was notannual if a yearly election of officials is assumed. Rather, minting was irregularand highly infrequent throughout since each moneyer coined onlyonce. Some seem to have issued bronze and gold (with different types) in additionto silver.6On the basis of hoard evidence, artistic style and die linkage, twochronological groups can be recognized, perhaps separated by a hiatus inminting activities. The earliest coins are classical in design and include thefollowing eleven moneyers (Group I): K , KOI, KYPIA, KAEAN, er4 Pick-Regling, op. cit., 522, notes a possible correspondence between some of the moneyers'names on this issue and those of priests on an inscription found at Odessos (G. Mihailov,Inscriptiones Graecae in Bulgaria Repertae (Sophia 1970) I, 103-106, no. 46 (hence forthcited as IG Bulg). Both sets of names, however, are too abbreviated to make any identificationabsolute.5 I do not follow Price's attribution of OEOYME and N( to Odessos. The latter is die linked(with ANS coins) with AFIOAA, I1PO and e at Messembria. Pick-Regling recordsall moneyers except iy and e.6The abbreviated names or monograms of these magistrates cannot always be distinguishedfrom one another. EY and EYIIPO, and OE and ()EM(I) may represent the samemoneyers, although distinctive styles suggest different magistrates issuing years apart fromone another.e, AH, OE and AFA are moneyers found also on copper issues of Odessos: see Pick-Regling, op. cit., 542, no. 2182; 546, no. 2199; 545, no. 2195; 550, nos. 2216-2218. KOI andKAEAN also appear on gold staters with the posthumous portrait of Alexander issued inthe narre of Lysimachus at Odessos: see Pick-Regling, op. cit., 530, nos. 2119-2122; 532,nos. 2133-2134.
Posthumous Alexander Tetradrachms of Odessos 33AE, WP, A, N, 4, and EY. The Romania Hoard indicates that K ,KOI and KAEAN issued before 190.7 The Mektepini deposit confirms thisdating for KOI and KAEAN issuers, as do the Malomir and Latakia hoardsfor KOI.8 K , KOI and KAEAN probably represent the earliest issues ofAlexander tetradrachms at Odessos.The coins of these three magistrates are very similar in design: the flan isthicker and Herakles' head larger than on later issues (pl. 5, nos. 1-2). KYP-EA and KI also exhibit similar large flan and head sizes. The sole KYPEAobverse die bears a close resemblance to one of KAEAN in regard to thetreatment of Herakles' hair, lion's scalp and head.9 Possibly the same dieengraver was at work. A die of KI is nearly identical to a KOI obverse diewhich depicts the claws of Herakles' lion's scalp as four short horizontal bars(pl. 5, no. 2). This same unique artistic device is seen again only on an obversedie shared by the magistrates q, AE and WP (pl. 5, no. 3). The lastmoneyer in this triple die link is surely the most recent, as a tiny die breakin the right field proves. This die-linked set appears a bit later than thepreviously mentioned issues, for it was executed in a more „degenerate" stylemarked by a reduced flan size and a smaller Herakles head.EFT (Paris), N and, 21 which share the same obverse die, are even laterin date, if the rule hol s true that mint style goes from good to bad. Thisdie exhibits a crude, but still classical style. Lessi t\ention is paid to detailsof Alexander's hair and the flan is very small. is similar in style, butmore refined and less „barbaric." Therefore, it seems to date earlier than thetwo die-linked groups. EY(IIPO) probably comes last in this first group ofeleven magistrates, to judge from stylistic criteria alone (pl. 5, no. 4).It is difficult to postulate an absolute chronology for Group I, especiallyfor the eight minters whose coins are not found in any hoards. Apparently,all dies in question, except possibly the last, dated no later than 175-150.The remaining ten magistrates (Group II) can be categorized into two setson the basis of style, hoards and die linkage. AH, ./9, 0E, and AI'A comebefore 120, while OEM(I), EKA, AAKQN, EETI(AI), HPAKAEOYE andEENO fall after that date. The Trastikovo hoard, containing issues of AH,72, and OE, may push the cut-off date as early as 125; however, the Sumendeposit, with issues AH and 0E, provides a more conservative terminus ante7 M. Thompson, C. Kraay and 0. Merkholm, An Inventory of Greek Coin Hoards (NewYork 1973) no. 886 (henceforth cited as IGCH).8 N. Olcay and H. Seyrig, Le Tresor de Mektepini en Phrygie (Paris 1965) nos. 5-7; IGCHno. 887. H. Seyrig, Tresors du Levant anciens et nouveaux (Paris 1973) 30.9 Note that KYPEA is probably the same magistrate who issued the tetradrachm type bearingthe legend 0E0Y MEFAAOY OAH[EITQN]: see B.V. Head, Historia Numorum (Oxford1887) 236, who regards KYPEA as Thracian, not Greek.
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32 Peter F. Dorceycoinage. Accordingly, 281 is the terminus post quem for the new series atOdessos.The type is familiar to the numismatist: Alexander the Great appears onthe obverse in the guise of Herakles wearing the Nemean lion scalp; thereverse displays a seated Zeus enthroned between the legends BAEIAES2EAAEE,ANAPOY. At first the monogram for Odessos, or 0, appearseither below the deity's throne or in the left field. Later the monogram isexpanded to OAH, and in one instance to OAHEITQN. No pictorial Symbolwas used to indicate Odessos, unless the spear (?) on a reverse die of themoneyer acted as a mintmark (pl. 5, no. 3).From the beginning, officials' names appear in the field or exergue of thereverse. It is unclear whether these names represent moneyers, eponymouspriests4 or other local officials. We know almost nothing of Odessos' internalpolitical structure. The monograms or abbreviated names of these individualsappear consistently on silver until minting stopped sometimebefore 50, when Odessos was captured and destroyed by the Getae, providinga firm terminus ante quem for the city's Hellenistic coinage.The twenty-one magistrates who appear on the tetradrachm issue must befitted into a 231 year period beginning in 281.5 Obviously coinage was notannual if a yearly election of officials is assumed. Rather, minting was irregularand highly infrequent throughout since each moneyer coined onlyonce. Some seem to have issued bronze and gold (with different types) in additionto silver.6On the basis of hoard evidence, artistic style and die linkage, twochronological groups can be recognized, perhaps separated by a hiatus inminting activities. The earliest coins are classical in design and include thefollowing eleven moneyers (Group I): K , KOI, KYPIA, KAEAN, er4 Pick-Regling, op. cit., 522, notes a possible correspondence between some of the moneyers'names on this issue and those of priests on an inscription found at Odessos (G. Mihailov,Inscriptiones Graecae in Bulgaria Repertae (Sophia 1970) I, 103-106, no. 46 (hence forthcited as IG Bulg). Both sets of names, however, are too abbreviated to make any identificationabsolute.5 I do not follow Price's attribution of OEOYME and N( to Odessos. The latter is die linked(with ANS coins) with AFIOAA, I1PO and e at Messembria. Pick-Regling recordsall moneyers except iy and e.6The abbreviated names or monograms of these magistrates cannot always be distinguishedfrom one another. EY and EYIIPO, and OE and ()EM(I) may represent the samemoneyers, although distinctive styles suggest different magistrates issuing years apart fromone another.e, AH, OE and AFA are moneyers found also on copper issues of Odessos: see Pick-Regling, op. cit., 542, no. 2182; 546, no. 2199; 545, no. 2195; 550, nos. 2216-2218. KOI andKAEAN also appear on gold staters with the posthumous portrait of Alexander issued inthe narre of Lysimachus at Odessos: see Pick-Regling, op. cit., 530, nos. 2119-2122; 532,nos. 2133-2134.