Saudi-Arabien Wirtschaftshandbuch Saudi Arabia Business ... - Ghorfa

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Das luftverkehrsnetz umfasst 27 Flughäfen, darunter
die drei internationalen Flughäfen in Riad, Jeddah und
Dammam. Alle diese Flughäfen werden von der Civil
Aviation Corporation betrieben. Das Aufkommen der
von den Flughäfen abgefertigten Passagiere hat 35,5
Millionen in 2006 erreicht.
Die internationalen Flughäfen werden von der nationalen
Fluggesellschaft SAUDIA und 44 ausländischen
Luftfahrtunternehmen angeflogen. Etwa 79% des Passagieraufkommens
und 93% der Fracht entfallen auf
die internationalen Flughäfen. Gegenwärtig wird der
Flughafen in Jeddah modernisiert, um die Kapazität der
abzufertigenden Passagiere auf 21 Millionen im Jahr
zu erhöhen. Der Flughafen Jeddah ist bereits heute mit
einem Anteil von 49% des Passagieraufkommens der
größte Flughafen in Saudi-Arabien.
Die nationale Fluggesellschaft SAUDIA fliegt alle 27
Flughäfen des Landes an und unterhält Verbindungen
zu 70 internationalen Destinationen (2006). In 2006 beförderte
SAUDIA 17,8 Mio. Passagiere, von denen 11,4
Mio. Passagiere (64%) auf den inländischen Verkehr
entfielen. Außerdem transportierte das Luftfahrtunternehmen
insgesamt 296.000t Fracht auf allen Flügen.
Die Luftfahrtgesellschaft verfügt über 139 Flugzeuge
(2007). Nach der Anzahl der Flugzeuge und der Transportkapazität
ist SAUDIA die größte Fluggesellschaft
im Mittleren Osten. In 2003 hat die saudische Regierung
eine Resolution der „Open Sky Policy“ erlassen,
die zukünftig auch privaten Gesellschaften das Recht
zur Teilnahme am nationalen Flugverkehr einräumt.
Die gesetzlichen Richtlinien hierfür werden gegenwärtig
erarbeitet. Gleichzeitig werden auch Vorbereitungen
für die Privatisierung der SAUDIA getroffen.
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trAffIc InfrAStructure
There have been no significant developments to the
railway sector in recent years. There are tow main lines
that connect Dammam on the east coast with the capital
Riyadh. These lines are used for both freight transportation
and also for passenger traffic. The Saudi Railway
Organization (SRO) has started a gigantic program to
expand the railway network that also allows private investments
in the construction and operation of the new
lines. All major towns will be connected to the rail network.
The most important planned project involves the
railway line from Jeddah via Riyadh to Dammam (Land-
bridge Project) and then onto Jubail. Four consortiums
of Saudi and international companies have qualified for
tendering for contracts for the construction and operation
of this line. In addition to the east-west line, there
are also plans for a north-south line from Riyadh to the
Jordanian border that will also be complemented with a
connection from Hail to the Gulf. This line will not only
support the mining of the resources in the Hail region and
the transportation of agricultural goods in Al-Jouf, it will
also create a connection to Jordanian.
Once the north-south line has been completed, a further
line will be built from Hail to Ras Al-Zour that will allow
direct transportation of the mined products to the industrial
region on the Gulf. Two new railway lines will connect
Jeddah and Jizan and also Taif and Khamis Mushayt.
The planned railway connection between Mecca and
Medina will also include the construction of an electrical
high-speed track. German investors are highly interested
in participating in the development of the Saudi railway
network as confirmed by the estimates and offers submitted
for the tenders.
Assuming that the railway line, which is planned to be
completed by 2009, is not yet operational, the number of
passengers will increase annually by 4.5% and the freight
transport by an annual 2%. The container traffic will
grow by 6.5% every year.
The port infrastructure comprises eight large ports (without
oil handling facilities) with 183 docks and a handling
capacity of 252 million t a year. Five of these ports, including
Jeddah and Yanbu, are on the west coast and the
other three on the east coast in Dammam and Jubail. The
private sector plays an important role in the management,
operation and servicing and/or modernisation of
the ports, whilst the Saudi Ports Authority in particular
is responsible for realising the privatisation contracts and
for developing strategies for further developing the ports.
The ongoing privatisation of individual port operations
has significantly improved the efficiency. For example,
the time taken to unload and load the ships (with a capacity
of 5,000 t) has been reduced to between 30 and 36
hours compared to the three to four days required at the
end of the 1990s.
In recent years, the port operations have grown considerably.
The total quantity of the handled goods grew from 88.5 million
t (1999) to 140 million t (2007), i.e. by 5% every year.
Over the same period, the number of handled containers
grew from 1.4 million to 4.2 million. By 2009 the forecasts
predict an annual growth in freight handling of 4.0%.