Saudi-Arabien Wirtschaftshandbuch Saudi Arabia Business ... - Ghorfa

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Bereichen der Wasserverteilung, der Aufbereitung von
Abwasser und seiner erneuten Nutzung sowie des Baus
von Wasserentsalzungsanlagen sind inzwischen auch
Investitionen des Privatsektors möglich.
In den letzten Jahren erfolgte eine massive Steigerung
der Meerwasserentsalzung bis zu dem Punkt, dass
Saudi-Arabien weltweit der größte Erzeuger von entsalzendem
Meerwasser ist. Gegenwärtig befinden sich
30 Anlagen in Betrieb, die 3,4 Mio. Kubikmeter pro
Tag produzieren. Bis zum Jahr 2025 soll diese Menge
auf 10 Mio. Kubikmeter erhöht werden. Der Investitionsbedarf
wird auf 23 Mrd. US$ geschätzt. Kurzfristig
plant die staatliche Saline Water Conversion Corporation
(SWCC) die Errichtung von drei kleineren Entsalzungsanlagen
an der Küste des Roten Meeres und eine
weitere Entsalzungsanlage an der Ostküste des Landes
bei Al-Khafil. Wie auch im Energiebereich setzt der
Staat in der Meerwasserentsalzung auf die Beteiligung
privater Investoren. Das dazu gehörige Versorgungsnetz
wird stetig erweitert. Die Länge der Versorgungsleitungen
beträgt mittlerweile 4.170 km und die Anzahl
der Pumpstationen 30. Mehr als 50% des kommunalen
Wasserverbrauches werden gegenwärtig durch entsalztes
Meerwasser gedeckt.
In der Abwasseraufbereitung sind einige Fortschritte
zu verzeichnen. Diese beschränken sich jedoch auf die
großen Städte Riyadh und Jeddah. In der nahen Zukunft
soll das Abwasseraufbereitungssystem der Hauptstadt
ausgebaut werden. Um das gesamte Abwassersystem des
Königreichs auszubauen und zu modernisieren, müssen
schätzungsweise 20 Mrd. US$ investiert werden.
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enerGy And wAter
The rapid economic development of the country has necessitated
the development of a stable energy and water
supply. The need for energy and water has risen constantly
due to the growth in the population and the growing
industrial capacities. By 2009, this sector will have
an annual average growth rate of 4.2% and will make up
around 1.5% of the GDP.
The expansion of the energy generation capacities has
always been a primary feature of the politico-economic
decisions made by the Saudi government. In recent years,
the energy capacities of the power plants have grown from
20,647 MW (1999) to 30,651 MW (2006). Around
48% of the capacities are made up by the power generated
by gas turbines and diesel generators, whilst steam
turbines produce around 34% of the power. Around 9%
of the capacities are generated by the water desalination
plants. The high percentage of the capacity generated
by the gas turbines and diesel generators is primarily
due to the existence of small independent networks far
away from built-up areas and the lack of cooling water
that is required for steam turbine power plants. However
the percentage of the steam turbine power plants in the
power supply system will increase with the expansion of
the power supply network between and in the individual
regions of the country and its ever growing connection
to the networks of the neighbouring states. The main
power consumers are the households with around 53%
followed by industry (20%), the state sector (11%), the
trade sector (10%) and the agricultural sector (2%).
In recent years, there have been concerted efforts to restructure
the electricity industry. In 2000, five regional
power suppliers were merged to form the Saudi Electricity
Company (SEC) as the umbrella organisation for all
public power generators and suppliers. This organisation
is responsible for the electricity supply, from its generation
through to its distribution and customer service.
There are plans to privatise some areas however these
plans are still in their infancy. Also, the Electricity Service
Regulatory Authority was founded in 2001 for more
effective regulation and control of the electricity industry.
Another impressive fact is that in 2002, the private
National Energy Company took the initiative of developing
the first steam turbine power plant with a capacity
240 MW in the industrial town of Jubail. Furthermore,
in 2004 a contract was concluded between ARAMCO
and a private company for the construction of four power
plants with a total capacity of 1,074 MW.
The current development plan specifies that the power
supply throughout the country will be completely secured
by 2009. To this end, the power plant capacities will be
raised to 38,017 MW, an increase of 40% compared to
2004. Also, the capacities of the water desalination plants
will be expanded from 3,426 MW to 4,721 MW. The aim
is to ensure that the new capacities are predominantly
created by private investors in the shape of BOO-projects
(“build-operate-own”). There are also plans to connect
the national electricity network with those of the GCC
states by 2009.
With regard to the pro capita water consumption, the
Kingdom takes third place in the world with 286 litres a
day. In light of the very dry climate in Saudi Arabia, spe-