K u rzfassu n g sb an d - Graz University of Technology

4 Energieinnovation 2006
Commercial
level
Direct Energy services
Commercial
ENERGY
ENERGY
ENERGY
CONVERSION
TECHNOLOGY (E.G.
BOILER, CAR...)
Indirect Energy services
ENERGY
ENERGY
ENERGY
PRODUCTION
TECHNOLOGY
(MACHINE)
MATERIAL
DIRECT
ES
e.g. Mobility, bright and warm/cool
rooms
Commercial
level
INDIRECT
Energy Services
e.g. clothes, houses, shoes, pencils...)
Fig. 1. Demand for direct energy services
Fig. 2. Demand for indirect energy services
Method of approach
In history ..
Figure 6. Price of Lighting from Gas, Kerosene and Electricity in the United
Kingdom (per million lumen-hours), 1800-2000
Pounds (2000 £)
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
Gaslight
Kerosene-light
Electric-light
1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000
Source: authors’ own estimates – see Sections II.1.3-5 and II.3
Figure 11. Consumption of Lighting from Gas and Electricity in the United
Kingdom (in billion lumen-hours), 1900-1950
Trillion lumen-hours
250
200
150
100
50
0
Gaslight
1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950
Source: authors’ own estimates – see Sections II.2.3-5 and II.3
Electric-light
Trillion: 10 12 (i.e. one million million)
Fig. 3: development of the costs of lighting in the UK
(Source: Pearson/Fouquet 2006)
Fig. 3: development of the costs of lighting in the UK
(Source: Pearson/Fouquet 2006)
The interaction between
end-use efficiencies and provision of energy services:
E.g., an inefficient bus in New Delhi is much more effective in providing energy services (mobility in
person km) per unit primary energy than an ultra efficient SUV vehicle such as the new Toyota
Highlander say in Los Angeles.
Conclusions
Three steps towards sustainability:
• Steigerung der Energieeffizienz (vor allem verbraucherseitig)
• Reduktion der Verschwendung
(z. B. Stand-By, Wegwerfprodukte, Designerlampen, Transport von 1000 kg um 80
kg zu befördern….)
• Steigerung des Anteils erneuerbarer Energieträger (vor allem bei Stromerz