Transkription und Segmentation von Oszillogrammen ... - IPdS in Kiel
Transkription und Segmentation von Oszillogrammen ... - IPdS in Kiel
Transkription und Segmentation von Oszillogrammen ... - IPdS in Kiel
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2 Das <strong>in</strong>ternationale phonetische Alphabet (Stand 1996)<br />
CONSONANTS (PULMONIC)<br />
Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Post alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal<br />
Plosive F > J @ � ? � � C G / �<br />
Nasal � � � � � `<br />
Trill � H 4<br />
Tap or Flap � �<br />
Fricative . * B L 6 , I � 5 � � � � N 8 : � � � D 0<br />
Lateral<br />
fricative<br />
Approximant<br />
� �<br />
� \ � b<br />
Lateral<br />
approximant � � �<br />
Where symbols appear <strong>in</strong> pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.<br />
CONSONANTS (NON-PULMONIC)<br />
Clicks Voiced implosives Ejectives<br />
� Bilabial Bilabial ’ Examples:<br />
� Dental � Dental/alveolar F’ Bilabial<br />
! (Post)alveolar � Palatal J’ Dental/alveolar<br />
� Palatoalveolar S Velar �’ Velar<br />
Alveolar lateral � Uvular I’ Alveolar fricative<br />
OTHER SYMBOLS<br />
¡<br />
Voiceless labial-velar fricative � � Alveolo-palatal fricatives<br />
M Voiced labial-velar approximant � Alveolar lateral flap<br />
� Voiced labial-palatal approximant<br />
Simultaneous 5 and N<br />
� Voiceless epiglottal fricative<br />
� Voiced epiglottal fricative<br />
� Epiglottal plosive<br />
Affricates and double articulations<br />
can be represented by two symbols<br />
jo<strong>in</strong>ed by a tie bar if necessary.<br />
VOWELS<br />
Close<br />
Close-mid<br />
Open-mid<br />
Open<br />
�F JI<br />
(<br />
DIACRITICS Diacritics may be placed above a symbol with a descender, e.g. �<br />
' Voiceless �' @' � Breathy voiced >� =� Dental J� @�<br />
! Voiced I! J! Creaky voiced > = � Apical J� @�<br />
� Aspirated J� @� � L<strong>in</strong>guolabial J� @� " Lam<strong>in</strong>al J" @"<br />
% More ro<strong>und</strong>ed �% 9 Labialized J9 @9 Nasalized A<br />
� Less ro<strong>und</strong>ed �� � Palatalized J� @� X Nasal release @X<br />
c Advanced Kc � Velarized J� @� � Lateral release @�<br />
Retracted A � Pharyngealized J� @� � No audible release @�<br />
� Centralized A� � Velarized or pharyngealized �<br />
� Mid-centralized A� $ Raised A$ ( �$ = voiced alveolar fricative)<br />
< Syllabic �< � Lowered A� ( *� = voiced bilabial approximant)<br />
& Non-syllabic A& # Advanced Tongue Root A#<br />
� Rhoticity �� =� Retracted Tongue Root A�<br />
2<br />
(<br />
Front Central Back<br />
E O<br />
1;<br />
� � � K<br />
7<br />
2<br />
� �<br />
- �<br />
�<br />
Y � �<br />
� �<br />
= ^ ) �<br />
AA<br />
�<br />
Where symbols appear <strong>in</strong> pairs, the one<br />
to the right represents a ro<strong>und</strong>ed vowel.<br />
SUPRASEGMENTALS<br />
Primary stress<br />
� Secondary stress<br />
�B�7�� J15��<br />
U Long AU<br />
� Half-long A�<br />
� Extra-short A�<br />
�<br />
M<strong>in</strong>or (foot) group<br />
Major (<strong>in</strong>tonation) group<br />
� Syllable break �E���J<br />
� L<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>g (absence of a break)<br />
TONES AND WORD ACCENTS<br />
LEVEL CONTOUR<br />
A��H � Extra<br />
high A or � Ris<strong>in</strong>g<br />
A � High A � Fall<strong>in</strong>g<br />
A( � Mid A � High<br />
ris<strong>in</strong>g<br />
A� � Low A� � Low<br />
ris<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Aa � Extra<br />
low A � Ris<strong>in</strong>gfall<strong>in</strong>g<br />
� Downstep � Global rise<br />
� Upstep � Global fall
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