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Fachbegriffe zum Thema HDMI / dictionary about HDMI
3D
With High-Speed HDMI cables, the conditions for digital, three-dimensional
movies are established. The idea of solid display at movies is almost as old as
camera itself; already in 1922 the first three-dimensional movie has been
published. 3D movies are recorded with the so-called stereoscopic process: each
scene is filmed from two slightly different perspectives, ideally from interocular
distance. For viewing a 3D movie appropriate glasses are usually neccessary.
3D glasses
In order to pretend a solid display to the human brain, two different pictures for
left and right eye are necessary. This can be achieved by 3D glasses, which
generate fields for left and right. Depending on the used technology, colour
screens (red/blue or red/green), polarizing screens or prisms (deflection of the
light beam), or LCD radio technology (shutter glassses) are used. "3D video
glasses" show two different pictures simultaneously on two small displays inside
the glasses.
1080i/p
indicates (exemplary) the maximum number of picture lines of a screen. A
distinction is made between 1080p (for proggressive scan) and 1080i (for
interlaced scanning).
CEC
"Consumer Electronics Control" is a transmission protocol for consumer devices.
With a remote, varied control functions can be activated across several
components. The communication is made by a single-core data bus, at HDMI over
pin 13; the CEC ability check is made within Edid polling. At the date of printing,
industrial manufacturers have not yet agreed on a unified standard and partly use
their own brand names for the CEC function.
colour space / colour depth
differentiates the brightness and colour value of digital picture and is, in addition
to the resolution, the crucial feature for the quality of a picture. It specifies the
number of graduations, e.g.
1 Bit = 2 1 = 2 presentable graduations (monochrome)
8 Bit = 2 8 = 256 presentable graduations (RGB model)
24 Bit = 2 24 = 16,7 million graduations (True Colour)
36 Bit = 2 36 = 68 billion graduations (Deep Colour)
48 Bit = 2 48 = 281 trillion graduations (x.v.Colour)
The graduations always refer to the complete used colour model.
Deep Colour
describes a digital generated colour scale of a several billion colours.
Steps in colour gradients are reduced to a minumum. Basically, Deep Colour
is supported by a Blu-ray disc, but low-cost players often can not play back Deep
Colour.
Dolby Digital Plus / DD+
The successor of Dolby Digital is especially for high-definition TV developed audio
format and supports up to 14 channels (13.1 sourround sound). The transmission
over HDMI is made without any data compression; transmission over fiber optics
(e.g. Toslink) requires a compression to lower band widths.
Interlacing
describes the line jumping procedure. Uneven and even lines are alternately
displayed, a higher resolution is being faked. For example, 1080i means that
540 alternating lines will be displayed.
pixel
Each analogue or digital picture consist of multiple single image elements. For
every element a certain value of brightness and colour is assigned. The number
of available pixels is defined by the screen resolution.
progressive scan
stands for continous visibility of all picture lines. For example, 1080p means the
constant display of all 1080 lines.
resolution
resp. screen resolution describes the dot density (physical picture elements per
length) of an image reproduction. In addition to the colour depth, it is the crucial
feature for the quality of a picture. The screen resolution of a LCD/plasma or a
computer screen is mostly indicated in a fixed proportion of 16:9 (e.g.
1920x1080) or 4:3 (1024x768). Using a bigger screen with same resolution will
result in a less-quality picture, because the number of available pixels remain
unchanged.
return channel / ARC
The "Audio Return Channel" renders the use of HDMI inputs also for output of
audio data. For example, a TV with DVB-T tuner can use the HDMI input slot, to
send audio data to an AC3 receiver.
The sockets should be marked with "ARC". But this marking is not yet mandatory
regulated by the HDMI licensing.
SACD
stands for "Super-Audio-CD". This audio format supports multi channel
(sourround sound) up to 6 channels (5.1). The data storage is digital, loss-free
and without any data compression.
TMDS
is a digital transmission standard for uncompressed multi media data. This kind
of transfer eliminates any electromagnetic interferences. As there is no data
compression this kind of transfer is really loss-free. HDMI is using this standard
for data transfer.
True Colour
This term originally came from the computer engineering. It affiliates from the fact
that such colour depth provides a natural impression to the human eye. The
primary colours red, green and blue are displayed, each with 256 graduations.
By combining these graduations, 16,7 million colours can be generated.
x.v. colour
also called xvYCC, describes the extended colour space for digital picture signals.
The colour range includes all so-called body or optimum colours, meaning all
physically available colours. To display x.v. colour an appropriate signal source,
a High Speed HDMI connection and an appropriate screen are necessary.
Dolby TrueHD
is a loss-free audio code and was develped especially for HD-DVDs and Blu-rays
as an optional sourround sound format Dolby TrueHD supports up to 8 channels
(7.1 sourround sound), without any data compression.
DTS-HD
Especially developed for HDMI, it supports up to 8 channels (7.1 sourround
sound). A loss-free compression is used. Digital transmission is only possible with
HDMI-enabled devices. Analogue transmission is possible over all common
interfaces, but a separate cable is necessary for each channel.
Edid
signifies "Extended Display Identification Data". When connecting two or more
devices, information (such as brand, date of production, resolution, CEC ability,
etc) will be exchanged. Among other things, it is necessary for sychronisation of
the conencted devices.
Ethernet / HEC
"HDMI Ethernet Channel" describes the networking possibility of all connected
devices with HDMI, as well as the connection to the internet over the HDMI
interface. The network data are shouldered by the TMDS data of HDMI.
HDCP
"High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection" was required by the movie industry
and should prevent pirate copies. The displaying device (e.g. a TV) requests a
HDCP encryption from the medium to be played (e.g. a Blu-ray disc) and not from
the playing device. If the medium does not support the requested encryption,
playback is restricted or completely prohibited.
High Speed HDMI
describes a maximum data rate of 18 gigabits per second, in contrast to
3,96Gpbs for Standard HDMI.
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