Abstract-Band - Fakultät für Informatik, TU Wien - Technische ...

Abstract-Band - Fakultät für Informatik, TU Wien - Technische ... Abstract-Band - Fakultät für Informatik, TU Wien - Technische ...

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size (polylogarithmic in the size of the network) that contain a majority of honest nodes with high probability. The clusters, interconnected by a randomized overlay network, provide an abstraction which makes it possible to perform reliable computation in a network containing unreliable nodes. The algorithms handle dynamic node addition and removal, as long as the size of the network changes polynomially with respect to its initial size. This document describes the first attempt to implement these algorithms. Although the implementation is not complete, it is usable under certain assumptions and provides a solid basis for future improvements. We discuss the challenges encountered during implementation, the assumptions that had to be made on the network and the adversary and possible ways to weaken or drop these assumptions by further improving the implementation. Martin Perner Self-Stabilizing Byzantine Fault-Tolerant Clock Distribution in Grids Studium: Masterstudium Technische Informatik BetreuerIn: Univ.Prof. Dr. Ulrich Schmid Diese Diplomarbeit präsentiert ein selbststabilisierendes, Byzantinisch fehlertolerantes Verfahren (HEX) zur Taktverteilung in einer hexagonalen Grid- Topologie. Typische Anwendungsgebiete sind VLSI-Schaltungen und andere parallele/netzwerkgekoppelte Systemarchitekturen, die genau synchronisierte Taktsignale in benachbarten Knoten benötigen. Im Gegensatz zur Taktverteilung mittels einer Baumtopologie toleriert HEX sowohl persistente als auch transiente Fehler im Grid und unterstützt mehrfache synchronisierte Taktquellen. Um das zu bewerkstelligen, läuft auf jedem Knoten im HEX-Grid ein einfacher verteilter Algorithmus, der Takte weiterleitet und auch lokal zur Verfügung stellt. Zentraler Gegenstand der Arbeit ist eine VHDL-Implementierung des HEX-Algorithmus. Ein speziell entwickeltes Testbed er-laubt die Instantiierung, Simulation und das Post-Processing von HEX-Grids. Das gesamte Design wurde mittels einer ASIC-Standardzellen-Bibliothek synthe-tisiert, um ein für die Simulation mittels Mentor Graphics's ModelSim geeig-netes Modell zu generieren. Umfassende Experimente wurden durch-geführt, um die Resultate der ebenfalls in dieser Arbeit dokumentierten theoretischen Analyse der Synchronisationsgenauigkeit (Skew) und der Stabilisierungszeit zu verifizieren. Diese bestätigten, dass die exotischen Worst-Case Szenarien in der Praxis unwahrscheinlich sind, sodass der typische Skew viel geringer als der Worst-Case ist. Experimente mit fehlerhaften Knoten, wo analytische Resultate nicht verfügbar sind, zeigten, dass HEX auch mit einer großen Anzahl fehlerhafter Knoten im Grid hervorragende Eigenschaften aufweist. Die Resultate dieser Arbeit, die vom Österreichischen Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung (FWF) im Rahmen des Projekts FATAL (P21694) unterstützt wurde, konnten auch in den Proceedings der 6th International Conference on Dependability und des 25th ACM Symposium on Parallelism in Algorithms and Architectures publiziert werden. 8

Kyrill Winkler Easy Impossibility Proofs for k-Set Agreement Studium: Masterstudium Technische Informatik BetreuerIn: Univ.Prof. Dr. Ulrich Schmid This thesis is concerned with impossibility results, i.e., proofs of the fact that certain classes of algorithms cannot exist. The algorithms investigated are from the field of fault-tolerant distributed computing, which is devoted to the formal study of processing entities, modeled as communicating state machines, that may possibly fail and communicate with each other by either exchanging messages or via access to a shared memory. We investigate the problem of k-set agreement, a natural generalization of consensus. While consensus concerns itself with the task in which all processes eventually have to decide on a common value that was originally some process input value, k-set agreement allows up to k different decision values. Hence, for k = 1, k-set agreement is equivalent to consensus. Although there exist impossibility results for deter-ministic consensus in systems prone to failures, relying solely on com-binatoric arguments that might be considered classical today, the corresponding impossibility results for k-set agreement require complex argu-ments from algebraic topology. Nevertheless, there has been recent research on finding easy or non-topological impossibility proofs for k-set agreement, which may also provide a new handle on solving some long-standing open problems like the weakest failure detector for k-set agreement in message-passing systems. The focus of this thesis lies on such non-topological im-possibilities for k-set agreement. We present and discuss existing approaches and results and provide rigorous proofs for new results regarding various models and scenarios, including the important class of dynamic systems that may evolve over time. This work has been supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) project RiSE (S11405). 9

Kyrill Winkler<br />

Easy Impossibility Proofs for k-Set Agreement<br />

Studium: Masterstudium <strong>Technische</strong> <strong>Informatik</strong><br />

BetreuerIn: Univ.Prof. Dr. Ulrich Schmid<br />

This thesis is concerned with impossibility results, i.e., proofs of the fact that<br />

certain classes of algorithms cannot exist. The algorithms investigated are from<br />

the field of fault-tolerant distributed computing, which is devoted to the formal<br />

study of processing entities, modeled as communicating state machines, that<br />

may possibly fail and communicate with each other by either exchanging messages<br />

or via access to a shared memory. We investigate the problem of k-set<br />

agreement, a natural generalization of consensus. While consensus concerns<br />

itself with the task in which all processes eventually have to decide on a common<br />

value that was originally some process input value, k-set agreement allows<br />

up to k different decision values. Hence, for k = 1, k-set agreement is equivalent<br />

to consensus. Although there exist impossibility results for deter-ministic<br />

consensus in systems prone to failures, relying solely on com-binatoric<br />

arguments that might be considered classical today, the corresponding<br />

impossibility results for k-set agreement require complex argu-ments from<br />

algebraic topology. Nevertheless, there has been recent research on finding<br />

easy or non-topological impossibility proofs for k-set agreement, which may<br />

also provide a new handle on solving some long-standing open problems like<br />

the weakest failure detector for k-set agreement in message-passing systems.<br />

The focus of this thesis lies on such non-topological im-possibilities for k-set<br />

agreement. We present and discuss existing approaches and results and<br />

provide rigorous proofs for new results regarding various models and<br />

scenarios, including the important class of dynamic systems that may evolve<br />

over time. This work has been supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF)<br />

project RiSE (S11405).<br />

9

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