Zivilschutz- Forschung - Bundesverwaltungsamt

Abstract
Decontamination and Treatment of Injured Persons during Chemical Agent
Incidents
Domres, Bernd; Manger, Andreas; Brockmann, Stefan; Wenke, Rainer
Introduction: The conception of a Medical incident response plan for the
treatment of injured persons who have been contaminated during a chemical
incident challenges more than one of the rescue services involved in civil
emergency response. Our main objective in this project was the creation of an
incident management plan compatible with existing rescue service logistics and
resources that can be quickly and efficiently activated at a local level.
Methods: Under the supervision of the Schutzkommission des Inneren and
together with delegates from EMS, fire, technical rescue services and the German
army a consensus conferences to investigate the general conditions necessary and
the existing structure available for managing victims of chemical incidents, was
created. Research of existing literature, and an analysis of past incidents lead to
the development of this concept. Typical injury patterns and their treatment in
respect to decontamination procedures were considered, the necessary structure for
casualty treatment and decontamination areas were then derived and commercially
available products were tested for their usefulness in this situation. Standard
operating procedures and algorithms were developed to aid realization of the
concept. The suitability of the personal protective equipment and the question, if
under these conditions the procedures of Advanced Life Support can be performed,
was evaluated in a standardized simulator model. The necessary training for rescue
personnel involved was defined. To validate the concept, an exercise was carried
out.
Results: All persons present at a chemical incident are to be classified as being
contaminated. Injured persons must be separated into triage categories, and life
threatening conditions treated before being decontaminated. Decontamination at
the incident scene is necessary to prevent the transportation of the contaminant
away from the incident scene. The principles of the Decontamination of injured
persons are based on the following pillars: Triage, early removal of clothing,
Management of personal belongings and valuables, Basic Life Support, Spot
Decontamination, management and sealing of open wounds, application of
antidotes, and primary decontamination of ambulant and non-ambulant victims.
The co-operation and the definition of roles between fire service (decontamination)
and Emergency Medical Services (triage and treatment) is necessary.
The concept uses existing decontamination vehicles used for the decontamination
of fire fighters, by expanding it inventory with medical equipment, and extra
technical apparatus. Using a modular approach, the system can be easily added to
by further units to treat multiple numbers of victims. However, demands on all
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