Entstehung und Entwicklung kleinerer Städte

286 A. Mayr
Zuschiisse zu Infrastrukturelementen gewahrt, seien es nun Schulen, SportpHitze
samt Nebenanlagen, Biichereien oder Versammlungsraume. Zuschiisse
erhalten auch Ober- und Mittelzentren, insbesondere GroBe und Mittlere
kreisangehorige Stadte fiir deren infrastrukturellen Sonderbedarf. Fiir die Bewilligung
von Fordermitteln zur Sanierung und Stadtebauforderung, Verkehrsberuhigung
und Denkmalpflege sowie fiir andere Bereiche spielt der
Rechtstitel ebenfalls keine Rolle.
AbschlieBend sei noch einmal herausgestellt, daB der Kleinstadtbegriff wissenschaftlich
umstritten und landesplanerisch belanglos ist. DaB ich auch den
Stadtbegriff fiir iiberpriifenswert halte, sei gleichfalls in Erinnerung gerufen.
Eine Funktionstypologie der groBen Fiille von Erscheinungsformen ware m.E.
wiinschenswert, kann aber wohl derzeit noch nicht geleistet werden. Kleinere
Stadte wie auch Landgemeinden haben aber offensichtlich eine hohere, zumindest
eine hohe Lebensqualitat, denn in der Einschatzung der Bevolkerung
sind sie zusehends beliebtere Wohngemeinden geworden, deren Verwaltungen
den Erwartungen und Anspriichen ihrer Einwohner bedarfsgerecht zu entsprechen
versuchen.
Summary
Small towns in Westphalia-Lippe. Research on their development in the 19th
and 20th century, their function and their position within regional planning
This paper deals with small towns in East Westphalia-Lippe - which is identic
with the Regierungsbezirk Detmold - and reviews their development mainly
in the 19th and 20th century, their functions and their position within regional
planning. Small towns traditionally include communities up to 20000
inhabitants with the right to call themselves a city but there are many
additional characteristics pointed out in German publications of urban
geography like topographical position, demographic, economic and social
structure etc.
Genesis and development of cities in East Westphalia-Lippe are highly
depending on affiliation to historical territories, industrialization and other
functional specializations. There is a high density of cities but the majority of
them does not in reality represent urban functions; thus the judicial title of a
city is questionable very often, and communities without this title sometimes
are higher ranking in the system of central places than »cities«.
Regional planning tries to realize equal chances of living conditions and is
not at all bound to historical dimensions but to supply centres and their
accessibility. Two schemes of central place systems for East Westphalia-Lippe
are discussed: the first was pointed out by G. KLUCZKA (1970), the second is
the Development Plan 1/11 of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia that was set
up after the political amalgamation by which a lot of communities were
incorporated into larger ones. The right to be a »city« was transferred to the
new whole communities by law. The system of central places of East
Westphalia-Lippe is mainly dominated by the high ranking centres of Bielefeld