Ressortforschungsberichte zur kerntechnischen Sicherheit und zum ...

Tabelle 9-2: Studien zu chronischer Exposition mit ionisierender Strahlung (außer Therapie) und der Entstehung von Katarakt
Reference: First
author (year)
Occupational studies
Area of
study
Type of
study
Chylack et al., 2009 USA Crosssectional
Milacic, 2009 Serbia Casecontrol
Chodick et al., 2008 USA Prospective
cohort
Study
period
2004-
2006
1992-
2002
1983-
2004
Jones et al., 2007 USA Cohort 1953-
2000
Rafnsson et al.,
2005
Iceland Casecontrol
1996-
2001
Study population:
characteristics;
study size
Type of
ionising
radiation
exposed
Astronauts: n=171 External:
gamma,
protons
Medical workers:
115 cases, 126
controls (medical
workers without
cataract)
Radiologic
technologists;
n=35,705
Flight personnel
(USAF and USN
pilots and NASA
astronauts):
n=13,560,303 person
years
Airline pilots: 71
cases, 374
population-based
controls
Jacobson, 2005 USA Cohort not stated Retired actinideexposed
workers:
n=97
External:
medical
radiation
External:
X-rays
External:
gamma,
neutron
External:
gamma,
neutron
Internal:
actinides
Reconstructed dose Exposure
assessment
Median lens dose=12.9
mSV
ADER (range):
0.5µSv/h-8 µSv/h; TLD
(mean value): 1.59±1.30
mSv/year for those with
cataracts and 1.63±1.45
mSv/year for those
without cataracts
Median lens dose: 28.1
mGy
– 108 –
TLD measurements
TLD measurements
+ ADER
Film badge
readings,
occupational
history
Not stated Employment
records
Range: 1-48 mSv Employment
records, flight
profiles, aircraft
type
Range: 0-600 mSv Employment
records
Outcome
assessment
Risk estimates for cataract Adjustment to
confounders
LOCS III PSC opacity risk for
astronauts exposed to higher
space radiation dose:
OR=2.23 (1.16-4.26); OR
per year of age = 1.04 (1.01-
1.08)
Visual acuity
examination
done, but no
grading
Age, sun exposure,
occupational group,
nutritional intake
Overall RR=4.6 Age, duration of
occupational exposure,
sex, chromosomal
aberrations, blood sugar
level, blood pressure,
cardiovascular diseases,
alcohol consumption,
smoking
Self-reported History of ≥3 skull X-rays:
HR= 1.11 (0.92-133);
history of ≥3 face/neck Xrays:
HR=1.25 (1.06-1.47)
Subjective lens
opacification
grading system
Simplified
WHO system
Medical
records,
grading not
stated
HR (USAF pilots/ NASA
astronauts) = 2.6 (1.5-4.8);
HR (USN pilots/NASA
astronauts) = 4.1 (2.1-8.0)
Ever being pilot: OR=3.02
(1.44-6.35)
Incidence (%) reported,
OR=0.0034±0.0016 per
mSv (~1,40 at 100 mSv)
Age, sex, BMI,
smoking, diabetes,
diagnostic X-ray, and
others
Age
Age, smoking,
sunbathing habits
Age