Nicola Arndt und Matthias Pohl - Neobiota
Nicola Arndt und Matthias Pohl - Neobiota Nicola Arndt und Matthias Pohl - Neobiota
Table 3: Principal potential forest types and the appropriate tree species for planting in order to create new woodlands. Woodland type Tree species Montane birch forests (C16) Betula pubescens, Sorbus aucuparia Quercus petraea forests (F1, F2) Quercus petraea-bluebell woods (F32) Oak-ash forests with hazel and hazel-ash forests (F28, 29) Quercus petraea, Betula pubescens, Sorbus aucuparia, Ilex aquifolium Quercus petraea, Betula pubescens, Fraxinus excelsior, Sorbus aucuparia, Ilex aquifolium, Corylus avellana Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Betula species, Corylus, Ilex aquifolium, Crataegus monogyna Alluvial forests (U7) Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Alnus glutinosa, Corylus, Oak-alder-ash forests with willow (U23) Crataegus, Salix cinerea ssp. oleifolia, Ilex aquifolium Degraded raised bogs (T7) Betula species, Ilex aquifolium, Sorbus aucuparia, Alnus, Fraxinus, Salix This is a major new initiative, which, if successful, will ensure the survival of existing woodlands and increase the area covered by native trees within the country by more than 15 % of present cover in the medium term. The scheme was launched in 2001 and there is already considerable interest from landowners. For Ireland it is a very innovative scheme involving close co-operation between foresters, ecologists and landowners. A major training programme for site assessment is being undertaken, in particular to enable surveyors to predict the potential natural vegetation so that the correct assemblage of species will be selected. It is hoped that the principles of the scheme will be extended to other areas, e.g. planting native species on new roadside verges to replace the present practice of planting nonnative species, which are often inappropriate both from an ecological and landscape point of view. 6 Conclusion The publication of the Map of the Natural Vegetation of Europe comes at a very opportune time in the context of land use in Ireland. Several decades of intensification of agriculture combined with the current economic boom have had a major, mostly negative impact on the environment. Deleterious effects include overgrazing and erosion of the uplands, afforestation of blanket peats, pollution of lakes and rivers and destruction of various habitats, including native woodlands, for agriculture, housing and infrastructure (STAPLETON et al. 2000). Positive developments include the ratification of EU and other international legislation, particularly the Convention on Biodiversity and the EU Habitats Directive, and updating of national legislation relating to wildlife conservation. In particular the Convention on Biodiversity has been adopted into the National Development Plan and this, together with the Water Framework Directive and the increased awareness of the importance of conserving and expanding native woodlands, should have a positive impact on the environment. The Map of the Natural Vegetation of Europe should prove to be a useful tool in future landuse planning. References ANONYMOUS (1997): Sustainable development – a strategy for Ireland. – Dublin (Government Publications). ANONYMOUS (2000a): Code of best forest practice. – Dublin (Forest Service). ANONYMOUS (2000b): Irish National Forest Standard. – Dublin (Forest Service). 368
BOHN, U.; NEUHÄUSL, R., unter Mitarbeit von GOLLUB, G.; HETTWER, C.; NEUHÄUSLOVÁ, Z.; SCHLÜTER, H. & WEBER, H. (2003): Karte der natürlichen Vegetation Europas/Map of the Natural Vegetation of Europe. Maßstab/Scale 1:2.500.000. Teil 1/Part 1: Erläuterungstext/Explanatory Text, 655 S./p. – Münster (Landwirtschaftsverlag). BUDD, R. & VON ENGELBRECHTEN, S. (1999): Fossil pollen analysis of a sediment core from St. John’s Wood, County Roscommon. – Kilkenny (Commissioned by the Heritage Council, Ireland). CROSS, J.R. (1987a): Status and value of native broadleaved woodland. – Irish Forestry 44: 81-88. CROSS, J.R. (1987b): Unusual stands of birch on bogs. – Irish Naturalists’ Journal 22: 305-309. CROSS, J.R. (1998): An outline and map of the potential natural vegetation of Ireland. – Applied Vegetation Science 1: 241-252 KELLY, D.L. & IREMONGER, S.F. (1997): Irish wetland woods: the plant communities and their ecology. Biology and Environment. – Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Section B, Biological, geological and chemical science 97: 1-32 MITCHELL, F. & RYAN, M. (1997): Reading the Irish Landscape. – Dublin (Town House). O’REILLY, J. (2000): Woodlands of Ireland; mid-term review. – Dublin (Internal Report for theWoodlands of Ireland). O’SULLIVAN, A. (1998): Natural forests in Ireland. – In: COST ACTION E4: Forest reserves research network – country reports. – European Forest Institute, Finland. PETERKEN, G. (1993): Woodland conservation and management. – London (Chapman & Hall). RACKHAM, O. (1995). Trees and woodland in the British landscape. – London (Weidenfeld and Nicolson). RODWELL, J.S. & PATTERSON, G.S. (1996): Vegetation classification as an aid to woodland creation. – In: The ecology of woodland creation. – Ed. Ferris-Kaan, R: 63-74. SCANNELL, M.J.P. & SYNNOTT, D.M. (1987): Census catalogue of the Flora of Ireland. – Dublin (Stationery Office). STAPLETON, L.; LEHANE, M. & TONER, P. (2000): Ireland’s Environment – a millennium report. – Wexford (Environmental Protection Agency, Ireland). TUTIN, T.G.; HEYWOOD, V.H.; BURGES, N.A.; MOORE, D.M.; VALENTINE, D.H.; WALTERS, S.M. & WEBB, D.A. (Ed.) (1964-1980): Flora Europaea. Vol. 1–5. – Cambridge (Cambridge University Press). Author’s address: Dr. John R. Cross National Parks and Wildlife Service Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government. 7, Ely Place Dublin 2 IRELAND E-Mail: jcross@duchas.ie 369
- Seite 319 und 320: Anwendung und Auswertung der Karte
- Seite 321 und 322: eine Verbreitungskarte erstellt wer
- Seite 323 und 324: In unserer Betrachtung soll der Hö
- Seite 325 und 326: % Arten 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 A
- Seite 327 und 328: 2. ALPEN - ANGRENZENDE GEB. a) ALP-
- Seite 329 und 330: Tabelle 2: Verteilung der wichtigst
- Seite 331 und 332: % der Arten 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
- Seite 333 und 334: Literatur ADLER, W.; OSWALD K. & FI
- Seite 335 und 336: MEUSEL, H.; JÄGER, E.J. & WEINERT,
- Seite 337 und 338: Anwendung und Auswertung der Karte
- Seite 339 und 340: Abb. 1: Klimadiagramme ausgewählte
- Seite 341 und 342: (S. graeca, S. hajastana u. a.) und
- Seite 343 und 344: Die Kräuterfluren besiedeln vorwie
- Seite 345 und 346: Picea orientalis gehört zur Sektio
- Seite 347: Anschrift des Autors: Prof. Dr. Gio
- Seite 350 und 351: Tabellen mit Tausenden von Aufnahme
- Seite 352 und 353: Figure 1a/Figure 1b: The Dutch vers
- Seite 354 und 355: (2) Already in 1994, the computer p
- Seite 356 und 357: types, the computerized links betwe
- Seite 358 und 359: MUCINA, L.; RODWELL, J.S.; SCHAMIN
- Seite 361: Anwendung der Europakarte bei der W
- Seite 364 und 365: secondary in origin but include sta
- Seite 366 und 367: Table 2: Potential forest types occ
- Seite 368 und 369: available, in part for social reaso
- Seite 373 und 374: Application and Analysis of the Map
- Seite 375 und 376: Sometimes, where there is comprehen
- Seite 377 und 378: Figure 3: Woodlands and their repla
- Seite 379 und 380: 25% 6% 0% 1% 2% 1% 4% 0% 19% 42% U7
- Seite 381: Darwen Parkway and Outwood projects
- Seite 385 und 386: Anwendung und Auswertung der Karte
- Seite 387 und 388: of natural oak regeneration (e.g.,
- Seite 389 und 390: Im vorliegenden Beitrag steht die V
- Seite 391 und 392: Abb. 1: Birken-Pionierwald mit eind
- Seite 393 und 394: Wollgras- Torfmoos-KI-Typ naß Torf
- Seite 395 und 396: (EI-)KI Hylocom.-Vaccin. KI Hylocom
- Seite 397 und 398: ausgewiesene ostdeutsche Gebiete we
- Seite 399 und 400: BOHN, U.; GOLLUB, G. & HETTWER, C.
- Seite 401 und 402: Application and Analysis of the Map
- Seite 403 und 404: possibility to apply geostatistical
- Seite 405 und 406: The mean sensitivity is a measure o
- Seite 407 und 408: Figure 8/9: Time series of radial i
- Seite 409 und 410: precepitation index precepitation (
- Seite 411: MATHERON, G. (1955): Application de
- Seite 414 und 415: and site conditions as well. In thi
- Seite 416 und 417: und grenzen sich von anderen Wald-
- Seite 418 und 419: Tabelle 1: Ausgewählte ökosystema
BOHN, U.; NEUHÄUSL, R., unter Mitarbeit von GOLLUB, G.; HETTWER, C.; NEUHÄUSLOVÁ, Z.;<br />
SCHLÜTER, H. & WEBER, H. (2003): Karte der natürlichen Vegetation Europas/Map of the Natural<br />
Vegetation of Europe. Maßstab/Scale 1:2.500.000. Teil 1/Part 1: Erläuterungstext/Explanatory<br />
Text, 655 S./p. – Münster (Landwirtschaftsverlag).<br />
BUDD, R. & VON ENGELBRECHTEN, S. (1999): Fossil pollen analysis of a sediment core from St.<br />
John’s Wood, County Roscommon. – Kilkenny (Commissioned by the Heritage Council, Ireland).<br />
CROSS, J.R. (1987a): Status and value of native broadleaved woodland. – Irish Forestry 44: 81-88.<br />
CROSS, J.R. (1987b): Unusual stands of birch on bogs. – Irish Naturalists’ Journal 22: 305-309.<br />
CROSS, J.R. (1998): An outline and map of the potential natural vegetation of Ireland. – Applied<br />
Vegetation Science 1: 241-252<br />
KELLY, D.L. & IREMONGER, S.F. (1997): Irish wetland woods: the plant communities and their<br />
ecology. Biology and Environment. – Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Section B,<br />
Biological, geological and chemical science 97: 1-32<br />
MITCHELL, F. & RYAN, M. (1997): Reading the Irish Landscape. – Dublin (Town House).<br />
O’REILLY, J. (2000): Woodlands of Ireland; mid-term review. – Dublin (Internal Report for<br />
theWoodlands of Ireland).<br />
O’SULLIVAN, A. (1998): Natural forests in Ireland. – In: COST ACTION E4: Forest reserves research<br />
network – country reports. – European Forest Institute, Finland.<br />
PETERKEN, G. (1993): Woodland conservation and management. – London (Chapman & Hall).<br />
RACKHAM, O. (1995). Trees and woodland in the British landscape. – London (Weidenfeld and<br />
Nicolson).<br />
RODWELL, J.S. & PATTERSON, G.S. (1996): Vegetation classification as an aid to woodland creation. –<br />
In: The ecology of woodland creation. – Ed. Ferris-Kaan, R: 63-74.<br />
SCANNELL, M.J.P. & SYNNOTT, D.M. (1987): Census catalogue of the Flora of Ireland. – Dublin<br />
(Stationery Office).<br />
STAPLETON, L.; LEHANE, M. & TONER, P. (2000): Ireland’s Environment – a millennium report. –<br />
Wexford (Environmental Protection Agency, Ireland).<br />
TUTIN, T.G.; HEYWOOD, V.H.; BURGES, N.A.; MOORE, D.M.; VALENTINE, D.H.; WALTERS, S.M. &<br />
WEBB, D.A. (Ed.) (1964-1980): Flora Europaea. Vol. 1–5. – Cambridge (Cambridge University<br />
Press).<br />
Author’s address:<br />
Dr. John R. Cross<br />
National Parks and Wildlife Service Department of the Environment,<br />
Heritage and Local Government.<br />
7, Ely Place<br />
Dublin 2<br />
IRELAND<br />
E-Mail: jcross@duchas.ie<br />
369