Nicola Arndt und Matthias Pohl - Neobiota
Nicola Arndt und Matthias Pohl - Neobiota Nicola Arndt und Matthias Pohl - Neobiota
Table 3: Combination of desert vegetation units within map polygons on the European Vegetation Map. Code of the map legend Ecological characteristic Combination of mapping units in polygons O1 pelitophytic O1 1 a) O1+O2 2 c) O1+O6 1 bc) O1+O5+O6 2 O2 pelitophytic–halophytic O2 4 O3 pelitophytic, strongly halophytic O3 1 a) O3+O1 1 O4 hemipsammophytic O4 2 a) O4+O1 1 b) O4+O2 3 c) O4+O6 3 ac) O4+O1+O6 1 bc) O4+O2+O6 2 cd) O4+O6+d 1 O5 psammophytic b) O5+O4 1 c) O5+O6 2 ac) O5+O1+O6 2 bc) O5+O4+O6 1 O6 psammophytic O6 3 a) O6+O1 1 c) O6+O5 3 bc) O6+O4+O5 2 Number of polygons wormwood deserts (Artemisia lerchiana and A. pauciflora) on plains with sandy-loamy soils between the Volga and Ural Rivers are concentrated on the boundary of the steppe zone as well as on the right bank of the Volga River. On the right and left banks of the Ural River, large areas are covered by pelitophytic saline desert complexes. In these complexes, perennial saltwort communities (Anabasis salsa) prevail over communities dominated by wormwood. Characteristic features of the vegetation cover of the northern Caspian Region are halophytic deserts on solonchaks. To the east of the Volga River they occur more frequently and occupy large areas. The deserts of the eastern Transcaucasus are spread on the Kura-Araks lowland and extend rather far to the inland of the southern Transcaucasus along the Araks Valley. In the western part of this lowland, wormwood communities of Artemisia fragrans dominate in the vegetation. In the eastern part, large areas are occupied by halophytic dwarf semishrub saltwort communities of Salsola dendroides, S. ericoides and S. nodulosa. Throughout the whole of the eastern Transcaucasus, communities of the endemic wormwood Artemisia szowitsiana are encountered in small areas with solonchak soils. 156
4 Steppes on the Vegetation Map of Europe: diversity, ecology, geography Steppes in Europe occupy a much larger area than deserts. The same ecological-phytocoenotical approach was used for the classification of the steppe vegetation (carried out in this case by Z. V. Karamysheva, St. Petersburg, Russia) as was used for deserts while the construction of the legend followed the zonal-typological principle. This has made it possible to show the latitudinal and longitudinal regularities in distribution of the steppe formations on the map (Table 4). In the northern part of the steppe zone, mesoxerophytic and xerophytic forbs are abundant alongside bunchgrasses in the composition of the communities. The geographic regularities in the distribution of communities of different formations are well marked. For example, while the communities of Stipa tirsa are widespead from the western to the eastern boundaries of steppes, those of S. ucrainica do not extend east of the Volga River. Here they are replaced by the communities of S. zalesskii, which have a mainly Trans-Volga distribution. The communities of three other formations (S. capillata, S. lessingiana and S. anomala) are widespread in the subzone of herb-bunchgrass steppes. They are confined mainly to soils of loose, fine-grained texture. Steppes with abundant forbs are replaced to the south by more xerophilous bunchgrass steppes. In this subzone, communities of S. lessingiana predominate or (as in the western part) this feather grass is codominant in communities of S. ucrainica. In both subzones of herb-bunchgrass and bunchgrass steppes, the common feather grass is S. capillata. It is codominant in communities of S. lessingiana and dominant in anthropogenic variants. The most southern and xerophytic steppe type is represented by dwarf semishrub−bunchgrass steppes. They are distributed in Europe only in the northern Caspian Region. Here, dwarf semishrub wormwood species such as Artemisia taurica and A. lerchiana always participate. The communities of the Stipa sareptana formation play a dominant role in the vegetation cover. Table 4: Latitudinal and longitudinal classification of steppe formations on the European Vegetation Map. Subzone Formation Ecotype Association, complex of communities Herb-rich grass steppes Herb-grass steppes Stipa tirsa pl 1 Stipa zalesskii Stipa zalesskii Stipa ucrainica Stipa capillata Stipa anomala West Pontic Stipa tirsa, S. lessingiana - herb-rich with Stipa ucrainica pl Stipa tirsa, S. lessingiana - herb-rich with Stipa zalesskii pl Stipa zalesskii, S. korshinskyi - herbrich pl Stipa zalesskii - herbs with Stipa korshinskyi pl Stipa ucrainica, S. lessingiana - herbs with Caragana mollis hps Stipa capillata, S. anomala, Cleistogenes squarrosa - herbs hps Stipa anomala, S. capillata, Cleistogenes squarrosa - herbs with Agropyron fragile Geographical variant Central Pontic + + + + + + Trans- Volga + + + North Caspian 157
- Seite 108 und 109: 106 Map 11: Landscape Typology and
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Table 3: Combination of desert vegetation units within map polygons on the European Vegetation Map.<br />
Code of the<br />
map legend<br />
Ecological characteristic Combination of mapping units in<br />
polygons<br />
O1 pelitophytic O1 1<br />
a) O1+O2 2<br />
c) O1+O6 1<br />
bc) O1+O5+O6 2<br />
O2 pelitophytic–halophytic O2 4<br />
O3<br />
pelitophytic, strongly<br />
halophytic<br />
O3 1<br />
a) O3+O1 1<br />
O4 hemipsammophytic O4 2<br />
a) O4+O1 1<br />
b) O4+O2 3<br />
c) O4+O6 3<br />
ac) O4+O1+O6 1<br />
bc) O4+O2+O6 2<br />
cd) O4+O6+d 1<br />
O5 psammophytic b) O5+O4 1<br />
c) O5+O6 2<br />
ac) O5+O1+O6 2<br />
bc) O5+O4+O6 1<br />
O6 psammophytic O6 3<br />
a) O6+O1 1<br />
c) O6+O5 3<br />
bc) O6+O4+O5 2<br />
Number of<br />
polygons<br />
wormwood deserts (Artemisia lerchiana and A. pauciflora) on plains with sandy-loamy soils between<br />
the Volga and Ural Rivers are concentrated on the bo<strong>und</strong>ary of the steppe zone as well as on the right<br />
bank of the Volga River. On the right and left banks of the Ural River, large areas are covered by<br />
pelitophytic saline desert complexes. In these complexes, perennial saltwort communities (Anabasis<br />
salsa) prevail over communities dominated by wormwood.<br />
Characteristic features of the vegetation cover of the northern Caspian Region are halophytic deserts<br />
on solonchaks. To the east of the Volga River they occur more frequently and occupy large areas.<br />
The deserts of the eastern Transcaucasus are spread on the Kura-Araks lowland and extend rather far<br />
to the inland of the southern Transcaucasus along the Araks Valley. In the western part of this<br />
lowland, wormwood communities of Artemisia fragrans dominate in the vegetation. In the eastern<br />
part, large areas are occupied by halophytic dwarf semishrub saltwort communities of Salsola<br />
dendroides, S. ericoides and S. nodulosa. Throughout the whole of the eastern Transcaucasus,<br />
communities of the endemic wormwood Artemisia szowitsiana are encountered in small areas with<br />
solonchak soils.<br />
156
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