Nicola Arndt und Matthias Pohl - Neobiota
Nicola Arndt und Matthias Pohl - Neobiota Nicola Arndt und Matthias Pohl - Neobiota
Besonderes Augenmerk wird dabei auf die Charakterisierung der Vegetations-Makrostrukturen (Formationen) und auf die Beschreibung ihrer floristischen und soziologischen Eigenart gerichtet. Die Karte im Maßstab 1:8 Mill. enthält 242 Kartierungseinheiten, von denen 78 im Tiefland und 180 Einheiten in Gebirgen vorkommen. Die Vegetation des Tieflandes gliedert sich in 5 Zonen, 15 Subzonen und 78 geographische Varianten, von denen 35 in Osteuropa vorkommen. Die Höhenstufen in den Gebirgen umfassen 77 Einheiten mit 37 geographischen Ausbildungen und 66 Untereinheiten, die zu 5 Klassen, 10 Unterklassen und 25 Gruppen zusammengefaßt sind. Diese Karte ist Teil einer Kartenserie, die im Rahmen des Programms „Anwendung der Kartographie in der Hochschulausbildung in den Fächern Ökologie, Biologie und Geographie an den Universitäten Rußlands“ angefertigt wird. 1 Introduction Every vegetation map captures a certain stage in the phytogeographic exploration of the area mapped. Likewise, the map discussed here is based on new, recently collected cartographic data on the phytogeography of the vegetation of plains and in the mountain belts. It is also derived from many years of research by myself and my colleagues on the natural vegetation in different regions of Russia. In addition, a series of publications on the assignment of altitudinal zonality types (LAVRENKO 1964; STANUKOVICH 1973; SOCHAVA 1980) have made it possible to present the main patterns of zonal and altitudinal vegetation units and their regional variants. Based on temperature, moisture regimes and differences in landforms, the territory of Russia was successively mapped using a proposed framework of regional vegetation macrostructures. The diversity of regional phytostructures was determined not only by a combination of local factors, which can be depicted at the scale of a region, but also by the historical development of an area. On this map, geographical variants of zonal and subzonal formations are the basic mapping units of plains. Mountain vegetation, however, is classified by altitudinal zonality types, aggregated into regional groups and classes. The aims and purposes for the construction of this map were: – to show zonal patterns of vegetation distribution on plains; – to show patterns of the distribution of altitudinal belts within the vegetation cover of mountain areas; – to show spatial patterns of vegetation macrostructures; – to show the regional characteristics of the combinations of plant communities; – to characterize the vegetation macrostructures and disclose their floristic and coenotic features. 2 Zonal characteristics of the vegetation cover Climatic factors such as temperature and precipitation determine the main characteristics of vegetation zones. Phytogeographic zones – as the main units of latitudinal differentiation of natural vegetation – are characterized by the prevalence of one or several types of zonal vegetation corresponding to the climatic conditions. Each zone also includes plant communities representing azonal vegetation. Normally they are secondary in importance to the main zonal type, but in certain parts of a zone they can dominate, as for example mires in the taiga zone of western Siberia. Zones are therefore 114
characterized by zonal vegetation in combination with azonal plant communities such as those of mires, floodplains, and coastal or saline areas. Five main zones are recognized for Russia (from north to south): A – Tundra, B – Taiga (boreal coniferous forests), C – Deciduous broad-leaved forests and forest steppes, D – Steppes, and E – Deserts (see Figure 1). Figure 1: Map “Zones and altitudinal zonality types of vegetation of Russia and adjacent territories”, scale 1:8,000,000. (Ogureeva et al. 1999) 115
- Seite 65 und 66: Table 2: LUT for Europe, showing th
- Seite 67 und 68: forests (F), 7 subgroups (F1- F7) h
- Seite 69 und 70: Figure 2: Map of Global Ecological
- Seite 71: Annex Table 4: Source maps used for
- Seite 74 und 75: DMEER-Projekt (Digitale Karte der
- Seite 76 und 77: Figure 1: The ecoregions are catego
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- Seite 82 und 83: THACKWAY, R. & CRESSWELL, I.D. (eds
- Seite 84 und 85: 1 Background 1.1 Increasing interes
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- Seite 90 und 91: According to SCHLÜTER (1991), hete
- Seite 92 und 93: derived from an analysis of soils a
- Seite 94 und 95: Map 1: Landscape Character Areas of
- Seite 96 und 97: in terms of successions and replace
- Seite 98 und 99: Map 5: Landscape map of Europe by M
- Seite 100 und 101: Russia. Information on rural land u
- Seite 102 und 103: 100 Map 7: European Landscape Typol
- Seite 104 und 105: G.3.1/37 F.1.1/7 & F 1 2/15 F.1.1/8
- Seite 106 und 107: Map 10: Comparison of the vegetatio
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- Seite 110 und 111: � Natural vegetation data will al
- Seite 112 und 113: LUC (1999): Glasgow and the Clyde V
- Seite 115: Application and Analysis of the Map
- Seite 119 und 120: Table 1: FAO Global Ecological Zoni
- Seite 121 und 122: The name of each type includes the
- Seite 123: References LAVRENKO E.M. (1964): Al
- Seite 126 und 127: 1 Introduction A dominant feature i
- Seite 128 und 129: 10° 65° 70° SBZ 75° MBZ 42 20°
- Seite 130 und 131: As shown in Table 2 there is a good
- Seite 132 und 133: What is interesting is that the tem
- Seite 134 und 135: the driest (like Ulmus and Corylus
- Seite 137: Gliederung und Inhalte einzelner Fo
- Seite 140 und 141: 1 Gliederung der borealen Wälder D
- Seite 142 und 143: Die Assoziation Empetro nigri-Pinet
- Seite 144 und 145: WOJTERSKI, T. (1964): Bory sosnowe
- Seite 146 und 147: Attempts to characterize and delimi
- Seite 148 und 149: The schematic map presented here ca
- Seite 150 und 151: edrawing of the limits between rais
- Seite 153 und 154: Application and Analysis of the Map
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- Seite 157 und 158: The deserts of the eastern Transcau
- Seite 159 und 160: 4 Steppes on the Vegetation Map of
- Seite 161 und 162: In the southern subzone and to a le
- Seite 163: SOCHAVA, V.B. (1979): Vegetation co
characterized by zonal vegetation in combination with azonal plant communities such as those of<br />
mires, floodplains, and coastal or saline areas.<br />
Five main zones are recognized for Russia (from north to south): A – T<strong>und</strong>ra, B – Taiga (boreal<br />
coniferous forests), C – Deciduous broad-leaved forests and forest steppes, D – Steppes, and E –<br />
Deserts (see Figure 1).<br />
Figure 1: Map “Zones and altitudinal zonality types of vegetation of Russia and adjacent territories”, scale<br />
1:8,000,000. (Ogureeva et al. 1999)<br />
115
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