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VI. Egenvektorer og diagonalisering – 1. Egenvektorer 440 Eksempel 1 - fortsat - figur Au = 2u u = ( 3,1) 1.11. Ligninger og egenværdi ☞ [LA] 9 Egenværdier og egenvektorer Bemærkning Lad A være en n × n-matrix. Et tal λ er en egenværdi, hvis ligningssystemet a11x1 + ... + a1nxn = λx1 a21x1 + ... + a2nxn = λx2 . an1x1 + ... + annxn = λxn y 1 1 x
VI. Egenvektorer og diagonalisering – 1. Egenvektorer 441 har ikke-nul (egentlige) løsninger. 1.12. Matrixligning og egenværdi ☞ [LA] 9 Egenværdier og egenvektorer Bemærkning - fortsat Lad A være en n × n-matrix. Et tal λ er en egenværdi, hvis ligningssystemet Ax = λx har ikke-nul (egentlige) løsninger x ∈ R n . Dette kan skrives (A − λIn)x = 0 og er dermed et homogent lineært ligningssystem med koefficientmatrix A − λIn 1.13. Determinant og egenværdi ☞ [LA] 9 Egenværdier og egenvektorer Sætning 14 Lad A vœre en n × n-matrix. Et tal λ er en egenvœrdi, hvis og kun hvis determinanten |A − λIn| = 0 Bemærkning n-te grads polynomiet ovenfor kaldes det karakteristiske polynomium for matricen A. Egenværdierne er altså netop rødderne i det karakteristiske polynomium.
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CALCULUS "SLIDES" TIL CALCULUS 1 +
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