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A4-format til udskrift. - Aarhus Universitet

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3. POTENSRÆKKER 129<br />

f ′′ (x) = 2 · c2 + 3 · 2 · c3x + 4 · 3 · c4x 2 + ...<br />

f ′′′ (x) = 3 · 2 · 1 · c3 + 4 · 3 · 2 · c4x + ...<br />

f (4) (x) = 4 · 3 · 2 · 1 · c4 + 5 · 4 · 3 · 2 · c5x + ...<br />

3.20. Gentagen differentiation ☞ [S] 8.7 Taylor and Maclaurin series<br />

Udregning - fortsat<br />

Indsættes x = 0, fås<br />

f(0) = c0, f ′ (0) = c1,<br />

generelt<br />

eller<br />

f ′′ (0) = 2 · c2, f ′′′ (0) = 3 · 2 · c3,<br />

f (4) (0) = 4 · 3 · 2 · c4,...<br />

f (n) (0) = n · (n − 1) · ... · 2 · 1 · cn<br />

f (n) (0) = n! · cn<br />

3.21. Gentagen differentiation ☞ [S] 8.7 Taylor and Maclaurin series<br />

Udregning - fortsat<br />

f (n) (0) = n! · cn<br />

eller<br />

cn = f(n) (0)<br />

n!<br />

3.22. MacLaurin ☞ [S] 8.7 Taylor and Maclaurin series<br />

Observation<br />

f(x) = c0 + c1x + c2x 2 + c3x 3 + ...<br />

kan skrives<br />

eller<br />

f(x) = f(0) + f ′ (0)x + f ′′ (0)<br />

2! x2 + f ′′′ (0)<br />

3! x3 + ...<br />

f(x) =<br />

∞<br />

n=0<br />

f (n) (0)<br />

x<br />

n!<br />

n<br />

3.23. Taylor-udvikling, centrum a ☞ [S] 8.7 Taylor and Maclaurin series<br />

Observation<br />

kan skrives<br />

eller<br />

f(x) = c0 + c1(x − a) + c2(x − a) 2 + c3(x − a) 3 + ...<br />

f(x) = f(a) + f ′ (a)(x − a) + f ′′ (a)<br />

2!<br />

f(x) =<br />

∞<br />

n=0<br />

(x − a) 2 + f ′′′ (a)<br />

(x − a)<br />

3!<br />

3 + ...<br />

f (n) (a)<br />

(x − a)<br />

n!<br />

n<br />

(“Taylor-rækken for f med centrum i a”, eller “Taylor-udviklingen af f ud fra a”)

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