Modellering af low-tar BIG processen

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Forord Denne rapport markerer afslutningen på en lang rejse mod erhvervelsen af civilingeniøreksamenen. Eksamensprojektet er udført på Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU) ved Institut for Mekanik, Energi og Konstruktion (MEK) i perioden 4. februar til 30 september 2002, og med en arbejdsbelastning svarende til 35 point. Brian Elmegaard og professor Bjørn Qvale (DTU) har været vejledere på projektet, desuden har civilingeniør Jens Dall Bentzen (COWI) fungeret som medvejleder. Jeg ønsker at rette en speciel tak til mine vejledere: Lektor Brian Elmegaard, som den nærmeste vejleder, for den gode rådgivning og tillid igennem hele projektforløbet. Professor Bjørn Qvale for det gode humør, og de skarpsindige kommentarer til rapporten og projektarbejdet i det hele taget, hvorved mange nye ideer sprang ud. Civilingeniør Jens Bentzen, for mange forslag og ideer til projektet. Samt for at få muligheden for at deltage i de indledende forsøg med det nye LT-BIG laboratorieanlæg. Afslutningsvis, som det hører sig til, - en tak til venner og familie, der har båret over med mig mens stormen rasede! Dette er anden udgave af rapporten. I forhold til første udgave er der rettet nogle sproglige og grammatiske fejl. Endvidere er strukturen af rapporten ændret en smule. Lars Henrik Andersen Lyngby, 30. september 2002 1
Abstract This report describes the possibilities of integrating a biomass gasifier in a combined heat and power plant. The purpose of the study is, among others, to see if the gasification technology can challenge existing heat and power production methods. A research programme dealing with the construction of a low tar gasifier (LT-BIG), which easily can be scaled to large gasification plants, is in progress. This report also contains a model formulation and implementation for this suggested low tar gasifier. All the models are created by the use of the energy simulation tool DNA. For some cases it has been necessary to develop new components or to alter existing components in DNA. Three different systems are considered; Gas Engine, Simple Cycle Gas Turbine and Combined Cycle. When biomass with and lower heating value of 19 MJ/kg and a moisture content of 50% is employed the subsequent results and designs are achieved • The Engine plant utilizes the hot fluegas to dry the biomass, but has difficulties taking advantage of the potential energy from the cooling of the syngas. An engine with a net electric efficiency of 40% at full load is computed to convert 38,5% of the energy content in the biomass to electricity. • The Simple Cycle Gas Turbine plant has good potential for integration with a gasifier. It dries the biomass by means of the fluegas and recuperates the energy from the hot syngas to preheat the pressurised gas before it enters the combustion chamber. With an isentropic efficiency of 89% and a pressure ratio of 20, an electric efficiency of 38% is computed. • The Combined Cycle plant almost reach a computed efficiency of 45%. It utilises the cooling of the hot syngas to produce extra steam for the cycle, which results in a very steady efficiency, even when the moisture content of the fuel is changed. A grand parametric and sensitivity study of the LT-BIG model is carried out. The study includes estimates of the air demand for the gasifier and the partial oxidation zones, among others. So far, only few experiments have been carried out with the LT-BIG laboratory model. This means that the model has not been proven. However, tests have shown, among other things, that it is necessary to add air to the gasifierzone, which is also predicted by the model. Work with the models has shown that a crucial aspect of a good integration of the gasifier is the utilization of the thermal energy of the syngas. This can be done either by directing the thermal energy to the gasifier, utilizing it for the production of steam, or by using it to pre-heat the other processes. Further studies of the models and issues in this report should be carried out insofar as the financial and regulatory strategies and potentials have only been touched upon lightly. The LT-BIG model can be further modified when reliable test data from the laboratory model are available. 2
Page 1: MEK-ET-EP-2002-08 Modellering af Lo
Page 5 and 6: Indholdsfortegnelse 1 SYMBOLLISTE 6
Page 7 and 8: 1 Symbolliste Symbolliste Variable:
Page 9 and 10: Introduktion Et kritisk punkt i den
Page 11 and 12: Introduktion 2.3 Modellering Der er
Page 13 and 14: Introduktion to komponenter el.lign
Page 15 and 16: Motoranlæg 3 Motoranlæg Udgangspu
Page 17 and 18: Motoranlæg 3.2 Excel model Der er
Page 19 and 20: Motoranlæg 20% 30% 40% 50% fugtind
Page 21 and 22: Motoranlæg argumenteres for, at en
Page 23 and 24: Motoranlæg Forudsætninger, DNA.
Page 25 and 26: Motoranlæg Biomasse sammensætning
Page 27 and 28: Motoranlæg Knudepunkt Beskrivelse
Page 29 and 30: Motoranlæg Det skal bemærkes omkr
Page 31 and 32: Motoranlæg Ved de tre laster er de
Page 33 and 34: Combined Cycle 4 Combined Cycle anl
Page 35 and 36: Forudsætninger IGCC: Combined Cycl
Page 37 and 38: Combined Cycle Knudepunkt Temperatu
Page 39 and 40: Combined Cycle 4.3 GT anlæg Det er
Page 41 and 42: Generator 150 Røggas 150 Gasturbin
Page 43 and 44: Combined Cycle Efterfølgende blive
Page 45 and 46: Low-Tar BIG anlægget produktgasen
Page 47 and 48: Low-Tar BIG anlægget Varme/energi
Page 49 and 50: Low-Tar BIG anlægget Indført biom
Page 51 and 52: Low-Tar BIG anlægget koksomsætnin
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Low-Tar BIG anlægget I Figur 5.11
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Low-Tar BIG anlægget For en model,
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Videre Arbejde 6 Videre Arbejde Et
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Konklusion Ved indeværende rapport
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Litteraturliste 17. Danielsson, (19
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APPENDIKS A - EES A.2 Udskrift af E
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APPENDIKS B - Motor model B Motor m
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APPENDIKS B - Motor model B.2.1 Lam
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APPENDIKS B - Motor model B.2.3 DNA
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APPENDIKS B - Motor model ANTEL(2)
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APPENDIKS B - Motor model K_LIG(12)
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APPENDIKS C - Bestemmelse af gassam
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APPENDIKS C - Bestemmelse af gassam
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APPENDIKS D - DNA motormodel D.1.1
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APPENDIKS D - DNA motormodel D.2 DN
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APPENDIKS D - DNA motormodel ANTEL(
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APPENDIKS D - DNA motormodel DO J=1
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C Rensning af gas STRUC 11 GASCLE_1
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APPENDIKS E - IGCC anlæg Illustrat
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START X_J 69 38 0.10000E+01 APPENDI
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APPENDIKS E - IGCC anlæg C * * * *
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APPENDIKS E - IGCC anlæg START X_J
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APPENDIKS E - IGCC anlæg ADDCO Q 2
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STRUC 10 GASCOOL1 13 50 51 60 61 31
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F LT-BIG model APPENDIKS F - LT-BIG
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APPENDIKS F - LT-BIG model F.2 Prog
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APPENDIKS F - LT-BIG model VAREL(3,
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APPENDIKS F - LT-BIG model RES(I+8)
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F.3 Kontrol af LT-BIG model APPENDI
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APPENDIKS F - LT-BIG model - svarer
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APPENDIKS F - LT-BIG model C STARTG
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APPENDIKS F - LT-BIG model STRUC 11
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APPENDIKS F - LT-BIG model F.5.1 Pr
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Modellering af low-tar BIG processen

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