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Hans W. Freis filosofiske og teologiske kontekst 117<br />

Sociologien er blevet en vigtig inspirationskilde for den postliberale teologis. Lindbeck siger<br />

ved en sammenligning med en "experiental-expressive" tilgang. "I try to show that the<br />

cultural-linguistic alternative is intellectually and empirically the most adquate." (Lindbeck,<br />

p. 30). Denne "cultural-linguistic" tilgang til religion, går, inspireret af bl.a. Clifford Geertz<br />

og Peter Berger, ud fra religionen som et sprog eller en kultur, der for den "troende" er som et<br />

a priori (ibid., p. 33), der snarere end at være objekt for erkendelse og tænkning sætter kriterierne<br />

for disse. "For those who are steeped in [the preeminently authoritative texts that are<br />

steeped in them, no world is more real than the ones they create. A scriptual world is thus able<br />

to absorb the universe. It surplies the interpretive framework within which believers seek to<br />

live their lives and understand reality." (Ibid., p. 117). Derfor må teologien også benytte sig af<br />

en kultursociologisk tilgang til studiet af kristendommen, der snarere end at se på og vurdere<br />

doktriner og dogmer som ontologiske udsagn må se disse som et fællesskabs grundlæggende<br />

spilleregler: "The function of church doctrines that becomes most prominent in this perspective<br />

is their use, not as expressive symbols or as truth claims, but as communally authoritative<br />

rules of disocurse, attitude, and action. This general way of conceptualizing religion will be<br />

called in what follows a 'cultural-linguistic' approach, and the implied view of church doctrine<br />

will be referred to as a 'regulative' or 'rule' thoery." (Ibid., p. 18). Tekstens mening er dens<br />

brug i det religiøse fællesskabs liv.<br />

Frei selv lader sig, ligesom Lindbeck, inspirere af Clifford Geertz´ socialantropologi, og<br />

siger (i sine Shaffer Lectures holdt året før Lindbecks Nature of Doctrine) med formuleringer,<br />

der umiskendeligt genkendes hos Lindbeck: "I´m suggesting very simply that the Church is<br />

like that - a culture, not only of course for the observer but also for the agent, the adherent,<br />

who would understand it. There is a sacred text - a typical element in a religious system - and<br />

there are informal rules and conventions governing how the sign system works in regard to<br />

sacred scripture. The kind of theology that I like best is the kind that is closer to this outlook<br />

rather than to philosophy, or to historiography, although it is impossible to avoid philsophy."<br />

(Types, p. 13f.) Det er godtagelsen af opfattelsen af kirken som en særlig kultur der giver<br />

grundlaget for kristnes tænkning og erkendelse, som fører frem til et ønske om en tilsvarende<br />

teologi som sociologisk og antropologisk videnskab.<br />

Kathruyn E. Tanner sammenholder i artiklen "Theology and the plain sense" (Green, pp.<br />

59-78; artikelsamlingen er tilegnet Frei) Lindbeck og Frei, idet hun argumenterer for en sociologisk<br />

tilgang i teologien, eftersom den sensus literalis af de bibelske tekster, som Frei i sit<br />

sene forfatterskab fremhæver, er en funktion af menighedens praksis. "By pushing to an extreme<br />

the association between theology and social science, I hope to contribute to two lines of<br />

conversation that Frei’s work opens up: one concerns the importance of the Christian understanding<br />

of the plain sense of scripture for a Christian form of life; the other concerns the po-

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